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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for alcohol related crime, disorder
121 results foundAuthor: Hudson, Nina Title: Wakefield Youth Alcohol Diversion Pilot Program: Final Evaluation Report Summary: This report presents findings of the evaluation of the Wakefield Youth Alcohol Diversion Pilot Program (YARN). YARN is a youth alcohol diversion and community education program to be piloted in regional South Australia from 1 February 2006 to January 2008. The evaluation of YARN was divided into two main components. A process component sought to monitor the process of project implementation, operation and coordination. An outcomes component sought to establish whether YARN 'works'. This report has a primary focus on the outcomes and impact of YARN and a secondary focus on process issues. Details: Adelaide: South Australian Department of Justice, Office of Crime Statistics and Research, 2007. 299p. Source: Year: 2007 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 116305 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderJuvenile DiversionJuvenile Offenders |
Author: Gore, Joanne Title: A Literature Review of Effective Management of the Risk of Violence in Licensed and Retail Premises Arising from Crime and Disorder Summary: This report details a comprehensive literature review covering the management and prevention of work-related violence in retail and licensed premises. This review forms the evidence base of the 'Good Practice Toolkit on Preventing Violence in Retail and Licensed Premises' available on the HSE website. (http://www.gov.uk/violence/toolkit/index.htm). Details: Sudbury, UK: Health and Safety Executive, 2009. 179p. 179p. Source: Research Report: RR698 Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 117800 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderViolence in the Workplace |
Author: Kirkwood, Louise Title: Evaluation of the Christchurch City One-way Door Intervention: Final Report Summary: The Christchurch Central Business District (CBD) Alcohol accord was implemented from October 2006 to March 2007 to reduce alcohol-related violence and crime in the Christchurch CBD. An evaluation of the one-way door strategy, a key component of the Alcohol Accord, was commissioned jointly by the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC) and the Accident Compensation Corporation to determine the efficacy of the one-way door intervention to reduce alcohol-related crime and associated harms within Christchurch city. Details: Wellington, NZ: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, 2008. 178p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 119216 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Stafford Pettersson Neath Title: Managing the Risks to Safety and Personal Security from Alcohol: Supporting Documentation Summary: This aim of this research is to understand how alcohol contributes to safety and security risks, and to develop tactical and strategic solutions that the U.K. railway, working with other key stakeholders, can implement to address these risks and change attitudes and perceptions. These two reports consist of a literature review on the topic as well as a qualitative report presenting the findings of interviews with frontline staff, local managers and representations of organizations with a strategic or national view of the issues, and the focus groups with members of the public. Details: London: Rail Standards and Safety Board, 2009. 73p.; 68p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119204 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderRailway CrimeTransit CrimeTransit Safety |
Author: Cullen, Niamh Title: Street Drinking in Hounslow: The Results of a Survey Commissioned by Hounslow Drug and Alcohol Action Team and the Metropolitan Police Service to Map the Nature and Prevalence of Street Drinking in the London Borough of Hounslow Summary: This report describes the results of a survey undertaken to map the nature and prevalence of street drinking in the London Borough of Hounslow. Street drinkers, members of the public, local service providers and others (e.g. shopkeepers) were interviewed during the summer of 2005. Several types of street drinking were identified across the borough. The static groups of street drinkers were generally male, single, unemployed and living in their own (rented) accommodation. Not being homeless, they gave volitional reasons for drinking in the street, centered on social aspects. The majority are not engaged with local alcohol services. They are long term heavy drinkers who share the profile of those who make up the high incidence of alcohol related deaths in Hounslow. They do not have access to harm minimisation nor prevention advice. Half the group said they did not do all their drinking on the street, suggesting alternatives may be possible. Public concern was mainly with the visibility of the group and the negative impact this was perceived to have on the community, most felt street drinkers required “help”. Evidence from areas that have experienced street drinking related problems suggest a multi-agency approach to street drinking, that encompasses enforcement tactics, environmental improvements and service provision. Given the relatively ‘static’ nature and size of this population it is possible that a period of coordinated intensive intervention is likely to make a significant impact on the levels of street activity in the area. Details: Hounslow, UK: Hounslow Drug and Alcohol Action Team, 2005. 45p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119401 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismNuisance Behaviors and Disorder |
Author: Barker, Justin Title: Dutch Courage: Young People, Alcohol and Alcohol Related Violence Summary: This report discusses the findings of a project aiming to investigate the experiences, perspectives and understandings of young people regarding alcohol related violence in Canberra. The project examined the patterns of alcohol consumption, the value, and role attributed to alcohol and violence in the lives of young people who socialise in Civic. The project used semi-structured focus group interviews and a survey with self-selected peer groups of young people aged 18 – 25 years. A ‘pathfinder,’ a key youth participant and contact, was used to identify the target groups, providing a means to access groups of young people, and arrange a familiar venue for the focus groups. This was a qualitative investigation that sought to not only obtain the subjective experiences and stories of the participants but also to engage the participants in an analysis of existing theories and models accounting for alcohol consumption and related behaviours by young people. The participants were encouraged to provide their own explanations, theories and analysis based on their own experiences and the information they were provided with. The findings of the qualitative analysis were presented to research participants to validate, verify, refute and add further insights and clarification. Two key findings emerged from the project. Firstly, two groups of young people were identified regarding alcohol related violence, referred to as Group A and Group B. These Groups do not represent distinct communities, but rather different relationships to alcohol and violence within the broader population, and not (necessarily) any other kind of cultural differentiation. Group A encompasses the vast majority of the target group (18 – 25 year olds) of this research project: young people who drink, or associate with other young people who drink, and socialise in Civic. Group A are constrained by negative association with alcohol related violence and a desire to avoid conflict and the negative consequences linked to violence. Group B value violence as a means to obtain status, empower them and claim a legitimate identity. The second key finding of the project outlines the ‘patterns of alcohol related violence’. These incidents of alcohol related violence are predominantly initiated by groups of young men aiming to bolster their status. Four phases were identified, including victim selection, justification, conflict and dispersal. Several approaches and potential ‘ways forward’ are identified in conclusion. Details: Lyneham, ACT, Australia: Youth Coalition of the ACT, 2010. 38p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 119476 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderViolent CrimeYouth Violence |
Author: Australia. Parliament. House of Representatives, Standing Committee on Family, Community, Housing and Youth Title: Avoid the Harm - Stay Calm: Report on the Inquiry into the Impact of Violence on Young Australians Summary: This report attempts to answer the following qustion - What needs to be done to curb youth violence and address the concerns of young people and of the wider Australian community? As such, it reports on the impact of violence on young Australians with particular reference to: perceptions of violence and community safety among young Australians; links between illicit drug use, alcohol abuse and violence among young Australians; the relationship between bullying and violence and the well-being of young Australians; social and economic factors that contribute to violence by young Australians; and strategies to reduce violence and its impact among young Australians. Details: Canberra: Parliament of Australia, 2010. 180p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 119529 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrug Abuse and CrimeJuvenile OffendersVictims of CrimeViolenceViolent Offenders |
Author: Anne Duncan Consultancy Title: Evaluation of the Auckland City East Community Policing Team Summary: The Auckland East Community Policing Team (CPT) is a problem-solving team that works with community constables and local communities to identify and address issues of concern to the community. The team draws on information from Intel, local police staff, tactical meetings, other agencies and communities groups to identify problems and to decide on which issues they will focus. They work flexibly on varied shifts in order to target problem times and places. The CPT comprises a sergeant and four staff who are a mix of experienced and probationary constables. This mix provides a training ground in community policing for new staff and ensures that more senior staff are attracted to lead community policing as Field Training Officers. The evaluation of the Auckland East CPT has drawn on interviews with CPT members, other local police staff, and community stakeholders; Intel data; informal observation; and CPT weekly reports. The CPT has an on-going focus on graffiti, truancy, alcohol-related incidents, and road policing. On-going work in these areas has been complemented by targeted operations. These include: • a graffiti operation, with the Auckland City Council • two truancy operations, with schools and the Ministry of Education • public visibility and crime deterrence activity following a community survey • three controlled purchase operations • directed patrolling of selected retail areas. There is some evidence that the targeted activity is associated with a reduction in the problems identified, at least in the short term. Community stakeholders, particularly those from local government, were positive about their relationship with the CPT and believed the team was helping to raise the profile of police service in the area. The CPT has successfully complemented local community constables and other police sections, such as Youth Aid, Officers in Charge of local stations, and the Strategic Traffic Unit. Interviews with other police staff indicate that there is growing appreciation of and support for the role of the CPT. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2009. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2010 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2009-10-27-Auckland-City-East-community-policing-evaluation.pdf Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/2009-10-27-Auckland-City-East-community-policing-evaluation.pdf Shelf Number: 119810 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCommunity PolicingCrime PreventionGraffitiProblem-Oriented PolicingRoad PolicingTruancy |
Author: Moffatt, Steve Title: Liquor Licensing Enforcement and Assaults on Licensed Premises Summary: On October 30 2008, the New South Wales Premier announced the imposition of licence restrictions on 48 of the licensed premises previously identified as sites where violence frequently occurred. The restrictions included mandatory 2 a.m. lock outs, cessation of alcohol service 30 minutes before closing time, drink purchase limits after midnight and ten minute alcohol sale ‘time outs’ every hour after midnight. The present report details the results of an evaluation of the effect of these restrictions. The report finds that the incidence of assault on the 48 licensed premises upon which restrictions were imposed has declined, but the decline was not restricted to these premises. A general decline in the number of assaults on licensed premises occurred across the top 100 licensed premises listed on the BOCSAR website. The precise cause of the decline is unclear but likely influences include adverse publicity and increased enforcement activity by NSW Police and the Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing (OLGR). Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2009. 11p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief, Issue Paper No. 40: Accessed October 13, 2010 at: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/bb40.pdf/$file/bb40.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/bb40.pdf/$file/bb40.pdf Shelf Number: 118554 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsPublicity |
Author: Jones, Craig Title: The Impact of Restricted Alcohol Availability on Alcohol-Related Violence in Newcastle, NSW Summary: In March 2008, the New South Wales Liquor Administration Board (LAB) introduced significant restrictions on hotel trading hours for a number of licensed premises in the Newcastle CBD. We sought to determine whether this reduced the incidence of assault in the vicinity of these premises. Three sources of police data were employed to address this research question: recorded crime data, last-place-of-consumption data from the Alcohol Linking Program and police call-out data. Recorded crime and Linking data revealed a significant reduction in alcohol-related assaults in the intervention site but not the comparison site. These two data sources revealed no evidence of any geographic displacement of assaults to other licensed premises or neighbouring areas. There was no evidence of any decrease in the total number of calls for service in either the intervention or comparison sites but this is most likely due to limitations inherent in the call-out data. All three data sources revealed a significant decrease in the proportion of assaults occurring after 3 a.m. in the intervention site but not in the comparison sites. Collectively, the data provide strong evidence that the restricted availability of alcohol reduced the incidence of assault in the Newcastle CBD. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2009. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice, No. 137: Accessed October 13, 2010 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB137.pdf/$file/CJB137.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB137.pdf/$file/CJB137.pdf Shelf Number: 118549 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsCrime DisplacementViolence |
Author: Victoria (Australia). Parliament. Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee Title: Inquiry Into Strategies to Reduce Assaults in Public Places in Victoria Summary: This report attempts to address some of the issues surrounding the increase in assaults in public places over the last few years. It provides a comprehensive survey of the current situation - particularly between the level of crime and the reporting of crime- and provides some evidence of comdmunity an government activities in this area. It proposes a series of recommendations to further address the problem. Details: Melbourne: Government Printer for State of Victoria, 2010. 340p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2010 at: http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/dcpc/assaults/Final_assault_report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/dcpc/assaults/Final_assault_report.pdf Shelf Number: 119987 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsDisorderly Conduct |
Author: KPMG Title: Evaluation of the Temporary Late Night Entry Declaration: Final Report Summary: In May 2008, the Director of Liquor Licensing made a temporary late night entry declaration to help reduce alcohol-related violence and disorder. The declaration was introduced across four inner municipalities of Melbourne (including Stonnington, Port Phillip, Yarra and Melbourne). The initiative allowed patrons to remain on a licensed premises after a designated time but prevented new customers from entering or customers from re-entering after leaving. Under the Liquor Control Reform Act 1998 (the Act), the declaration commenced at 2am on 3 June and concluded on 2 September 2008. It was enforced across: general licences trading after 2am (this does not affect residents or guests of residents of the general licensed premises); on premises licences trading after 2am (this does not affect on-premises licences, which contain a condition from section 9 of the Act - restaurant conditions); and limited licences (including a renewable limited licence) where trading has been authorised after 2am. In November 2008, KPMG completed an independent evaluation of the Melbourne CBD temporary lockout that examined how well it addressed alcohol-related violence and antisocial behaviour. Key stakeholders including licensees, patrons and the broader community were invited to participate in an evaluation conducted through online surveys, focus groups and interviews. The evaluation used a range of data sources in addition to relevant crime data. The report highlighted some of the difficulties experienced during the temporary lockout, including problems that arose from venues granted an exemption by VCAT. These venues were permitted to continue allowing customers to enter or re-enter the premises, making police enforcement difficult and confusing patrons. Despite these difficulties, the report's findings indicate the lockout was an effective way of reducing late night alcohol-related violence. Details: Melbourne, Victoria: Department of Justice, 2008. 172p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 22, 2010 at: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/e8e27c80441a1ab8bfa6ff1b048e52c2/Evaluation_TemporaryLateNightEntry_Declaration_FinalReport.PDF?MOD=AJPERES Year: 2008 Country: Australia URL: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/e8e27c80441a1ab8bfa6ff1b048e52c2/Evaluation_TemporaryLateNightEntry_Declaration_FinalReport.PDF?MOD=AJPERES Shelf Number: 120051 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social Behavior |
Author: Allen Consulting Group Title: Alcohol-Related Harm and the Operation of Licensed Premises Summary: The Allen Consulting Group has been commissioned by the Department of Justice to estimate the social costs of alcohol-related harm in Victoria and to review the available evidence linking alcohol-related harm to the operation of licensed premises. This is because the Victorian Government has committed to a review of liquor licensing fees that involves ‘consideration given to a differentiated, risk-based fee structure that also operates as a mechanism to ensure that licensees associated with the most harm pay a commensurate fee. Consideration of a risk-based fee structure requires a detailed and robust understanding of a number of important factors that are covered in this report, namely: the costs of alcohol related harm in Victoria and the quantum of costs borne by the Victorian Government; a review of evidence from the literature examining the link between alcohol-related harm and licensed venues, and whether there are any factors associated with licensed premises that indicate higher risk of alcohol-related harm; data analysis which tests whether any factors identified in the literature review are associated with alcohol-related harm in or near licensed venues in a Victorian setting; and the development of risk-based licensing models to encourage licensees to modify their behavior to reduce the social costs of alcohol-related harm. Details: Melbourne, Victoria: Allen Consulting Group, 2009. 100p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 22, 2010 at: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/c9e3b000404aa2559dddfff5f2791d4a/harm_study_July_2009.PDF?MOD=AJPERES Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/c9e3b000404aa2559dddfff5f2791d4a/harm_study_July_2009.PDF?MOD=AJPERES Shelf Number: 120052 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social Behavior |
Author: Cassematis, Peter Title: Understanding Glassing Incidents on Licensed Premises: Dimensions, Prevention and Control Summary: ‘Glassings’ have emerged as a particularly concerning component of violence occurring within licensed establishments in many parts of Queensland. The current project aimed to address the knowledge gap about glassing behaviour by examining various dimensions of glassing, and evaluating the likely success of alternative strategies for reducing glassing incidents and minimizing related harm. The analysis was informed by undertaking a review of published literature that addressed the causes and management of aggression in venues, as well as literature addressing the comparative safety of plastic and toughened glass to normal glass as well as the impact of changing drinking vessels on venue aggression. The findings drawn from prior research were then integrated with new data collected for this project. Two sources of raw data were analysed. One source of raw data was text based reports of 34 glassing incidents in Gold Coast venues (October 2007 - February 2009). These reports were provided by Qld. Liquor Licensing, Queensland Police Service and newspaper reports. Frequency counts were generated based on themes present within each separate incident report. The second source of data was semi-structured interviews of venue representatives with managerial responsibilities. Frequency counts of themes were aggregated to identify typical venue management experiences, attitudes, and beliefs regarding predictors of glassing assault and the perceived efficacy of plastic, glass and rapid removal. Based on our analysis, we formed the view that glassing is an outcome from a complex interaction of patron and venue based characteristics. Glassing is most likely to occur on weekends between 9.00 pm and 3.00 am. Taverns or nightclubs are the most likely to be the site of a glassing. Glassing assaults have the same initial conflicts as non-glassing assaults. Young males are most likely to be offenders but participants believed a variety of intrapersonal deficits were more predictive than demography. Glass is used as a weapon because it is convenient. Plastic is likely to be the safest material but is least acceptable to venues. Most participants favoured a combination of toughened glass and rapid removal. An educative advertising campaign, tougher penalties for offenders and a safer drinking vessel combined with rapid removal is likely to have the biggest impact on glassing behaviour. The findings of the research gave rise to six practical recommendations intended to control the frequency of glassing attempts and lessen the severity of injury that occurs from completed attempts. Six areas for research have been suggested as particularly pertinent to increasing the presently limited store of relevant knowledge. Key learnings emerging from the project have been identified and presented in this report. Details: Brisbane: Queensland Government, 2009. 190p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 22, 2010 at: http://www.olgr.qld.gov.au/resources/liquorDocs/Glassing_Incidents_Final_Report_Sept_2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.olgr.qld.gov.au/resources/liquorDocs/Glassing_Incidents_Final_Report_Sept_2009.pdf Shelf Number: 120053 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social BehaviorAssaultsInjuryViolence |
Author: Winder, Belinda Title: Last Orders for Alcohol Related Violence: Exploring Salient Factors in the Occurrence of Violent Incidents in UK Pubs and Other Late Night Venues Summary: Research was conducted exploring the possible interaction between drinking containers and antisocial behaviour in pubs and other late night venues in the UK. The research further attempted to identify salient factors leading to violent incidents at these locations. The research comprised two types of study; an interview study and three correlational surveys. For the interview study, a purposive sample of 50 individuals who had either been involved in an aggressive / violent altercation in a pub, bar or other late night drinking venue in the last 3 years, or who had first hand experience of the same, was recruited. Participants were recruited from a number of UK cities, including Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Sheffield, Nottingham and city locations in Scotland. Five themes were identified from the interviews: rivalry; crowding; staff; glass and accidental injury and glass as a weapon. Each of these themes was considered in turn and examples from participants’ transcripts were included in the results to allow the reader to assess the interpretations. In all of the incidents described by participants alcohol was involved, although this is probably to be expected given that the research focused on late night drinking venues. Nevertheless, the majority of incidents described involved people who were drunk and hence it is probably fair to state that alcohol is a major factor linked to violent / aggressive incidents in pubs and other late night venues. However, other factors are necessary to trigger violent / aggressive behaviour, and three factors (or themes) were identified from the research interviews conducted for this study. These factors are outlined below; they include rivalry, crowding and staff. In addition, two further themes emerged from the interviews; these related to glass and accidental injury and glass as a weapon. Key factors relating to the theme of rivalry were: sporting rivalry, local or territorial rivalry, and romantic rivalry. In the case of the first two factors, aggression evolved from social tensions created when different groups met, such as rival football supporters or groups of students and locals. However, there was a clear consensus that staff in venues are aware of these factors as potential sources of aggression and already take necessary steps to avoid conflict. The latter factor was much more unpredictable, and predicting where and when such aggression would occur is more problematic. The key factors within the theme of crowding were: bad management practices, poor design, and frustration. Participants were critical of venues that allowed in more clients than they could comfortably accommodate, especially in venues where the layout meant bumping into people at peak times was inevitable. Such factors link into the issue of frustration, as overcrowding can led to increased waiting times to get served, and invasion of personal space. Criticism of how venues are managed continued into the theme of staff. Here participants highlighted the fact that it was not always the clientele of pubs that were fully to blame when aggressive incidents escalated, with door staff being criticised for a lack of intervention, or too much intervention, in that they were deemed to be excessively aggressive. However, staff themselves also commented that aggressive behaviour can arise when they try to enforce sensible serving practices. The final two themes related to specifically to the use of glassware; glass and accidental injury and glass as a weapon. Participants noted that although many venues used glassware, accidental injury did occasionally arise from this. Many venues already self-manage where and when glass could and could not be used, although it is noted that more efficient house-keeping of venues would further reduce incidences of accidental injury. There were two differing perspectives on the theme of glass as a weapon – it was perceived as either a deliberate action to cause harm, or it was an unintentional action in which glass was not intended as a weapon. Although severe, the deliberate action of using glass as a weapon was the exception to the norm and incidences were deemed rare, especially given the extensive use of glassware in the venues participants frequented. In the case of the latter a further noteworthy factor emerged. Glass was seen more often to be used as a threat rather than an actual weapon. However, this perceived threat was sometimes the catalyst for an aggressive response, thus blurring the boundaries between ‘perpetrator’ and ‘victim’ in the case of such incidents. Data from the correlational surveys suggested that the most effective form of intervention in terms of reducing accidents and injuries would be a more stringent policy to bar aggressive individuals and prompt action by bouncers / bar staff to deal with potential trouble. Banning the use of glass vessels was not seen as a useful strategy in reducing aggression in pubs. Additional qualitative comments form the largest survey (n = 165) were further analysed and three main distinct themes identified in the responses: Considering the causes of aggressive behaviour, Methods to address aggressive behaviour and the Impact of the drinking vessel. Considering the causes of aggressive behaviour there were some suggestions put forward by respondents as to the causes of these. These include the amount of alcohol consumed, overcrowding in the pubs, televising sports events, attitudes, culture and acceptance of binge drinking, promotional offers and happy hours and the non-management of the queue for the bar. Respondents also suggested methods that they feel would address these events. These include bar staff having greater powers and training to refuse service to intoxicated customers and extending licensing hours. However some respondents felt that extending licensing hours would not make any difference to the amount of aggression shown by individuals. Regarding the vessels drinks are served in, there was a re-occurring theme that aggressive customers would probably use other objects in a conflict, if they did not have a glass in their hand at that time. Conversely to this, there was a theme suggesting that if glass was replaced with plastic then there would be less damage caused. However participants mostly followed this suggestion with the theory that if plastic vessels were only used, they would use another object (e.g. ashtray) in any aggressive conflict. Overall therefore the analysis suggests that respondents feel there are many causes of aggressive behaviours and that glass vessels are not responsible. If they were replaced with plastic vessels, then the aggressors would replace them with another implement. Details: Nottingham, UK: Nottingham Trent University, 2006. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 22, 2010 at: http://www.britglass.org.uk/files/last_orders_for_alcohol_related_violence_-_final_bw.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.britglass.org.uk/files/last_orders_for_alcohol_related_violence_-_final_bw.pdf Shelf Number: 120054 Keywords: AggressionAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsInjuryViolence |
Author: Hughes, Karen Title: Reducing Harm in Drinking Environment: Evidence and Practice in Europe Summary: Preventing alcohol-related harm in drinking environments is critical in meeting the key priorities of the European Union’s Alcohol Strategy (see Box). Much risky alcohol consumption and related-harm, particularly in young people, occurs in and around drinking venues, including pubs, bars and nightclubs. In addition to damage to individual health and communities, alcohol-related harm places large burdens on business and public services, for example through absenteeism, medical treatment, criminal justice sanctions and street cleaning after a night’s entertainment. Drinking environments are also workplaces for millions of individuals across Europe, who can be the victims of other people’s drinking through, for example, violence. Thus drinking environments are critical locations for addressing harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption and the harm it causes to society. However, to date there has been very little information available across Europe on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce harm in these settings. To address this gap in knowledge, the FASE (Focus on Alcohol Safe Environments) project was co-funded by the European Commission to develop a better understanding of measures that can be effective in reducing alcohol-related harm in drinking environments. The project has focused on interventions that can be implemented at local level, and has involved a systematic literature review to identify studies that have measured the effectiveness of interventions to reduce harm in drinking environment, and the collation of examples of practice in Europe. It focused on five key areas: Responsible server/staff training interventions; Interventions to reduce underage access to alcohol; Policing and enforcement approaches; Interventions delivered in drinking establishments' and Multi-component community interventions. This report combines the findings from both sections of the FASE project. For each intervention type, it summarises the findings of the literature review and provides examples of practice in Europe. It then provides recommendations for the development of policy to reduce harm in European drinking environments. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 9, 2010 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=692 Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=692 Shelf Number: 119131 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: World Health Organization Title: Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol Summary: Harmful use of alcohol results in the death of 2.5 million people annually, causes illness and injury to many more, and increasingly affects younger generations and drinkers in developing countries. Alcohol use is the third leading risk factor for poor health globally. A wide variety of alcohol-related problems can have devastating impacts on individuals and their families and can seriously affect community life. The harmful use of alcohol is one of the four most common modifiable and preventable risk factors for major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). There is also emerging evidence that the harmful use of alcohol contributes to the health burden caused by communicable diseases such as, for example, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. This report includes a number of policy options and interventions available for national action which can be grouped into 10 recommended target areas. These 10 areas are: (a) leadership, awareness and commitment (b) health services’ response (c) community action (d) drink-driving policies and countermeasures (e) availability of alcohol (f) marketing of alcoholic beverages (g) pricing policies (h) reducing the negative consequences of drinking and alcohol intoxication (i) reducing the public health impact of illicit alcohol and informally produced alcohol1 (j) monitoring and surveillance. Details: Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 22, 2011 at: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/msbalcstragegy.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/msbalcstragegy.pdf Shelf Number: 120850 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Newton, Andrew Title: Building an Evidence Abuse on Alcohol Supply Points: A Pilot Project to Generate Intelligence for Managing Areas with Licensed Premises Summary: This report presents the findings of a twelve month study conducted by the Applied Criminology Centre, University of Huddersfield. This pilot project sought to generate intelligence for managing areas with licensed premises by building an evidence base on alcohol supply points (ASPs). For the purposes of this project, ASPs are considered to be any licensed premises that can sell alcohol for consumption on and/or off the premise, for example public houses, bars, nightclubs, restaurants, corner shops, off licenses, hotels, cinemas, and social clubs. Despite substantial efforts towards multi-partnership working, data collection and intelligence sharing to tackle alcohol-related crime and disorder in areas with ASPs, the capture of data on ASPs is fragmented. Intelligence gathering often occurs in isolation except for sporadic multi-agency enforcement visits to premises. This impairs attempts to gain a strategic overview of the timing and location of the availability of alcohol, the proximity of the various outlets to each other, and their relationship to crime and disorder. This evidence base is a necessary foundation for making informed decisions about the management of areas with licensed premises, including: the granting and renewal of licensing applications; the development of local crime prevention and harm reduction strategies; and targeting policing and other enforcement activities. The aim of this project was to address this deficiency. The aim of this project was to address this deficiency by piloting the creation of an ASPs database in three case study areas, and to explore possible relationships between alcohol supply and crime and disorder in local contexts. There was an identified need for consistent and reliable data on ASPs that could be shared between relevant organisations, and for local areas to develop intelligence on alcohol supply tailored to their needs. Any system developed should be simple, user friendly, relevant, and add value to what currently exists. Details: Huddersfield, UK: Applied Criminology Centre, University of Huddersfield, 2010. 116p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 22, 2011 at: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0064.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0064.pdf Shelf Number: 120853 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderLicensed Premises |
Author: Wood, Darryl S. Title: A Review of Research on Alcohol and Drug Use, Criminal Behavior, and the Criminal Justice System Response in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities Summary: This report considers research on the problem of crime resulting from alcohol and other drug abuse in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. It provides a review of published research from a variety of disciplines and it includes re-analyses of a number of secondary data sources. Overall, our understanding of alcohol and other drug related crime in AI/AN communities is mixed: the degree to which AI/AN substance use – especially alcohol abuse – accompanies violent crime is fairly well established, while our knowledge about the criminal justice response and legal remedies to the problem is sorely deficient. Details: Vancouver, WA: Washington State University Vancouver, Program in Public Affairs, 2009. 103p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 28, 2011 at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231348.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231348.pdf Shelf Number: 120879 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAmerican IndiansDrug AbuseDrug Abuse and Crime |
Author: McCoard, Shirley Title: Scoping Study of Interventions for Offenders with Alcohol Problems in Community Justice Settings Summary: This report presents the findings of a scoping study of alcohol problems among offenders in the community justice setting. It is one of three studies that make up the portfolio of the Alcohol and Offenders Criminal Justice Research Programme which is led by NHS Health Scotland and funded by the Scottish Government. The overarching aim of the portfolio is to understand better the extent and nature of alcohol problems in offenders, and which effective interventions can address them, recognising that the criminal justice setting is an opportunity to detect and intervene in an often ‘hard to reach’ population. This research sought specifically to inform policy and practice by mapping plans, arrangements and procedures in place within local areas throughout Scotland to identify and intervene with offenders with alcohol problems, as part of the criminal justice process or otherwise, in community settings, including identifying emerging good practice. It also sought to establish what is known about the effectiveness of interventions for this group. Details: Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland, 2011. 130p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2011 at: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/15007-Scoping%20Study%20of%20Interventions%20for%20Offenders%20with%20Alcohol%20Problems.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/15007-Scoping%20Study%20of%20Interventions%20for%20Offenders%20with%20Alcohol%20Problems.pdf Shelf Number: 121075 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Scotland)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCommunity CorrectionsOffender Treatment |
Author: Parkes, Tessa Title: Prison Health Needs Assessment for Alcohol Problems Summary: Alcohol problems are a major and growing public health problem in Scotland with the relationship between alcohol and crime, in particular violent crime, increasingly being recognised. The consequences affect individuals, their families, the health and emergency services, and wider society. The current policy context includes a strategic approach to enhancing the detection, early intervention, treatment and support for alcohol problems across Scotland, as well as efforts to reduce re-offending. This study is part of a wider Scottish Government funded alcohol research programme in criminal justice settings which also includes a pilot of the delivery of alcohol brief interventions and a scoping study of alcohol interventions in community justice settings. It is anticipated that the study findings will inform broader health service development such as the integration of prison health care into the NHS and the update of core alcohol treatment and support services. These developments are set within a policy and practice context which acknowledges alcohol problems in the population and increasingly so the alcohol problem in offenders, along with the importance of applying a person-centred, recovery orientated approach underpinned by the NHS commitment to quality of services. The aim of this study was to undertake a needs assessment of alcohol problems experienced by prisoners and provide recommendations for service improvement including a model of care. The central objectives were to: 1. Conduct a rapid review of the relevant literature on effective interventions for identifying and treating offenders with alcohol problems in prison. 2. Report on the epidemiology of alcohol problems experienced by prisoners in Scotland compared to the general population and other offenders. 3. Undertake an assessment of alcohol problems among offenders within an individual prison. 4. Map current models of care in the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) and how they interface with community care models, including assessing aspects of treatment continuity and finding examples of best practice. 5. In a case study setting, explore and report on attitudes towards the delivery and effectiveness of current alcohol interventions. 6. Conduct a gap analysis between current service provision, best practice, effective interventions and national care standards for substance misuse. Details: Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland, 2011. 199p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2011 at: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/15105-Prison%20Health%20Needs%20Assessment%20for%20Alcohol%20Problems.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/15105-Prison%20Health%20Needs%20Assessment%20for%20Alcohol%20Problems.pdf Shelf Number: 121076 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Scotland)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderOffender TreatmentPrison Health Care |
Author: Jones, Lisa Title: Reducing Harm in Drinking Environments: A Systematic Review of Effective Approaches Summary: Techniques used to reduce harm in drinking environments range from rigorous police enforcement of licensing and other legislation to co-operative approaches that seek to train staff in licensed premises and engage nightlife industries in socially responsible operating. With authorities often stretched to manage intoxication and related problems in busy drinking environments, understanding which interventions can have most effects on reducing alcohol-related harm is critical. This report provides the findings from a systematic literature review that aimed to explore the effects of interventions implemented in drinking environments on a range of harms, including alcohol consumption, under-age alcohol sales, violence and road traffic crashes. The review was based on a literature search of 10 databases including Medline, PsycINFO, ASSIA and other sources. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion against the following criteria: published since 1990, and examined an intervention with the aim of reducing harm associated with alcohol consumption, which was delivered in a drinking environment and targeted individuals, licensed alcohol serving outlets, or the sale and supply of alcohol via the off trade. Intervention studies of any design were eligible for inclusion. The literature search identified 47 studies that examined interventions designed to reduce harm in drinking environments. Seven studies examined the effectiveness of training programmes for servers and managers, five examined specific interventions delivered in pubs and bars, eight examined the enforcement of laws related to alcohol consumption, seven examined interventions aimed at reducing underage sales and 20 examined multi-component community-based programmes. Nine of the included studies were conducted in European countries including five in Sweden and four in the UK. The remaining studies were conducted in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The methodological quality of the included studies was variable according to the study design used, and in general the methodological quality of the included studies was weak. The clearest indication of effectiveness resulted from multi-component programmes. In particular, across three well-designed and implemented programmes, which combined community mobilisation, RBS training, house policies and stricter enforcement of licensing laws, there was evidence that these programmes were effective in reducing assaults, traffic crashes, and underage sales. In particular, the Swedish STAD project, a multi-agency partnership between the police, licensing authorities, health services, the council and representatives of licensed premises, demonstrated success was based on a rigorous evaluation of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The effectiveness of other intervention approaches was limited. Studies of server and bar management training programmes highlighted an overall low frequency of intervention and their effects on patrons’ alcohol consumption appeared to be minimal, except where training was mandated. A training and risk management programme had a modest effect on aggression. Patron targeted interventions, which included brief intervention and promotion of responsible drinking, had a limited impact on patron behaviours. Police campaigns and other approaches to the enforcement of alcohol sales laws were shown to be largely ineffective or short lived. The effectiveness of police intervention or increased enforcement of licensing laws in reducing alcohol-related incidents was not clear, but overall, targeted police intervention in high-risk premises appeared to be a more effective strategy than ‘low level’ policing. There is growing evidence that effective delivery of multi-component programmes in drinking environments can reduce alcohol-related harm, however, further research is required to assess the transferability of evidence about multi-component programmes in drinking environments to other settings. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 28, 2011 at: http://www.stap.nl/content/bestanden/literature-study-drinking-environments_1.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.stap.nl/content/bestanden/literature-study-drinking-environments_1.pdf Shelf Number: 121140 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderUnderage Drinking |
Author: Moffatt, Steve Title: Trends in Assaults After Midnight Summary: The crackdown on violent pubs and clubs instigated after March 2008 has resulted in a large reduction in the number of assaults, not just on licensed premises but on other premises types as well, according to the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. The Bureau examined trends in assaults occurring between midnight and 5:00 a.m. between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2010. Assaults on all premises types were examined. The Bureau found that in the period between January 2004 and March 2008, assaults on all premises types were increasing by an average of 4.8 extra recorded assaults each month. Since March 2008, this underlying upward trend was reversed by an average decline of 10.4 assaults each month. The downward trend is significant in all premises types other than non-licensed business/ commercial premises. Assaults on licensed premises have been falling at the rate of 2.4 per month since March 2008. An underlying upward trend of 2.4 assaults per month was reversed in outdoor/public places by an average decline of 4.8 assaults per month since March 2008. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2011. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief; Issues Paper No. 59: Accessed April 26, 2011 at: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/bb59.pdf/$file/bb59.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/bb59.pdf/$file/bb59.pdf Shelf Number: 121500 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaults (Australia)Liquor Licensing Policy |
Author: Oklahoma. Department of Corrections Title: Using Substances to Treat Alcoholism Summary: Despite years of continuing research and development of pharmaceutical approaches to reduce, control, and perhaps eliminate alcoholism and its impact on criminal justice, a gap remains between the science and the implementation. This paper reviews the highly positive cost-benefit of the approaches, some of the more recent advances and findings in pharmaceuticals and genetics, new ideas on supplying, monitoring, and delivering the remedies, and the ethical considerations that must be weighed in their application. Details: Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Department of Corrections, 2009. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: DOC White Paper: Accessed April 27, 2011 at: http://www.doc.state.ok.us/adminservices/ea/Alcoholism_White_Paper.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.doc.state.ok.us/adminservices/ea/Alcoholism_White_Paper.pdf Shelf Number: 121540 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderCost-Benefit Analysis |
Author: Sweeney, Josh Title: Alcohol and Assault on Friday and Saturday Nights: Findings from the DUMA Program Summary: The Australian Institute of Criminology’s DUMA program presents a unique opportunity to examine the prevalence and nature of alcohol consumption by a sample of offenders detained by the police during times consistent with those targeted through Operation Unite. The findings provide valuable insight into the alcohol consumption patterns of assault offenders, illustrating not only that the majority of assault offenders had been drinking prior to their arrest, but that the quantities of alcohol they had consumed were likely to result in high levels of intoxication. Key findings: The AIC interviewed 170 assault offenders detained on Friday and Saturday nights as part of the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program. Analysis of questions about alcohol use provides valuable information to support a range of alcohol harm reduction strategies, including Operation Unite; Those charged with assault on Friday and Saturday nights were more likely than those charged at other times to have consumed alcohol in the past 48 hours and attribute alcohol as a factor in their offending; Detainees who had consumed alcohol in the past 48 hours and been charged with assault on a Friday and Saturday night were nearly twice as likely as those charged at other times to have been mixing drinks on the last occasion they drank. This was particularly the case for young males aged 18 to 25 years (48%); Assault offenders consumed substantial amounts of alcohol in the lead up to their arrest. The median number of standard drinks consumed by assault offenders was 14, although this was higher for young males who had been mixing drinks on the last occasion they drank (22 standard drinks); and Of those who had been drinking, half of all assault offenders consumed their last drink at a residential location. Thirty percent had been drinking at licensed premises. Younger males aged 18–25 years were more likely to have been drinking at a licensed premise. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: DUMA Quarterly Report: Research in Practice No. 14: Accessed May 4, 2011 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/6/D/F/%7B6DFDDF7C-7948-4786-AB77-3CA21CF0443B%7Drip14.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/6/D/F/%7B6DFDDF7C-7948-4786-AB77-3CA21CF0443B%7Drip14.pdf Shelf Number: 121611 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaults (Australia) |
Author: Uda, Terry Title: Drug and Alcohol Related Offenses and Arrests 2005-2009 Summary: Thie report addresses the numbers of alcohol and drug related offense and arrests between 2005 through 2009. The first section of the report gives an overall summary of drug and alcohol arrests. The report then presents arrestee demographic information; including race, ethnicity, gender and age. Also addressed are drug seizures and incidents that involved an offender or offenders suspected of using drugs and/or alcohol. The report concludes with a comparison of Idaho counties by alcohol arrests, drug arrests and drug seizures. Details: Meridian, ID: Idaho Statistical Analysis Center, 2011. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 9, 2011 at: Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 121684 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderArrest and ApprehensionDrug Offenders (Idaho)Drug Offenses |
Author: Tarnai, John Title: Evaluation of the Tacoma, Washington, Alcohol Impact Area (AIA) Summary: The Washington State University Social and Economic Sciences Research Center conducted a study of the Alcohol Impact Area (AIA) policy in effect in the city of Tacoma, Washington. Different scientific approaches were used to determine if there have been any changes in the problem of chronic public inebriation as a result of the restrictions on alcohol sales imposed by the Washington State Liquor Control Board (WSLCB). The study results suggest that the AIA restrictions in effect over the past year have been effective at addressing the problem of chronic public inebriation. Although it is not possible to conclude that all the changes found are due solely to the AIA policy itself; it is probable that that the AIA restrictions on alcohol sales are one aspect of an entire community wide effort to deal with chronic public inebriation. The AIA rules, Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 314-14-210 through WAC 314-12- 225, establish a framework under which the WSLCB, in partnership with local government and community organizations, can act to mitigate the negative impacts on a community that result from the presence of chronic public inebriation. Under these rules, chronic public inebriation exists when the effects of the public consumption of alcohol and/or public intoxication occur in concentrations that endanger the welfare, health, peace, or safety of a community. In December 2001, the WSLCB designated as an Alcohol Impact Area the urban core of the city of Tacoma, approximately six square miles. As a result of the AIA designation, the WSLCB banned the sale of some 30 brands of high-alcohol content, low price beer and wine products by liquor retailers located inside the AIA. This restriction has been in effect since March 1, 2002. Study Scope AIA rules provide that one year after the WSLCB recognizes the first AIA, a study of the effectiveness of the AIA rules would be conducted. The study’s scope and methods were primarily intended to: § Determine whether there have been any significant changes in the negative impacts of chronic public inebriation in the designated alcohol impact area. § Gather information and data on retailers’ marketing practices and buying habits of chronic public inebriates that will help the community and the WSLCB evaluate which restrictions might be effective in addressing the problem of chronic public inebriation. The study used two basic research designs commonly used to evaluate social programs. Consistent with good practice in evaluation research, the evaluation used multiple methods to obtain information relevant to the assessment of the effectiveness of the AIA restrictions. Details: Pullman, WA: Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University, 2003. 57p., app. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 1, 2011 at: http://www.sesrc.wsu.edu/sesrcsite/Papers/files/WAIA-report-6-17-03.pdf Year: 2003 Country: United States URL: http://www.sesrc.wsu.edu/sesrcsite/Papers/files/WAIA-report-6-17-03.pdf Shelf Number: 121939 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderChronic InebriatesDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorder |
Author: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Title: Preventing Over-consumption of Alcohol – Sales to the Intoxicated and “Happy Hour” (Drink Special) Laws Summary: The cost of alcohol-related harm to society is enormous, both in human and economic terms: • At least 85,000 Americans die each year from alcohol-related causes, making alcohol-related problems the third-leading cause of death in the United States (Mokdad, et al., 2004). • Drinking and driving is a significant cause of injuries and fatalities in the United States. Alcohol was involved in 40 percent of traffic crash fatalities and in 7 percent of all crashes in 2003, resulting in 17,013 fatalities and injuring an estimated 275,000 people (NHTSA, 2004). • Almost one in four victims of violent crime report that the perpetrator had been drinking prior to committing the violence. Alcohol was involved in 32 to 50 percent of homicides (Spunt, et al., 1995; Goldstein, et al., 1992; Greenfeld, 1998). • Thirty-nine percent of accidental deaths (including drowning, poisonings, falls, and fires) and 29 percent of suicides in the United States are linked to the consumption of alcohol (Smith, et al., 1999). • The total monetary cost of alcohol-attributable consequences (including health care costs, productivity losses, and alcohol-related crime costs) in 1998 was estimated to be $185 billion (USDHHS, 2000). The problems listed above are often associated with the over-consumption of alcohol in episodes of heavy drinking. Studies that show that up to 50 percent of people driving under the influence had their last drinks at licensed establishments are a strong indication the enforcement and prosecution of laws governing the consumption and distribution of alcohol should have a significant impact on the reduction of injuries and fatalities resulting from the consumption of alcohol (O’Donnell, 1985; Anglin, 1997; Gallup, 2000). This report examines the following problem: There are existing laws regulating the service of alcohol that are designed to prevent the over-consumption of alcohol by either: (1) Prohibiting the sale and service of alcohol to intoxicated people, or (2) prohibiting sales practices (including happy hours, drink specials, and other drink promotions) that effectively reduce the price of drinks and encourage excessive consumption of alcohol. Yet the research conducted in preparation for this report indicates that enforcement of these laws is often given a low priority relative to the magnitude of the problems resulting from over-consumption of alcohol. At least three factors contribute to the lack of adequate enforcement: • alcohol enforcement agencies face diminishing budgets and resources; • there is an absence of public and government support for the enforcement of such laws; and • in the case of laws governing sales to intoxicated people, the statutes are difficult to enforce and adjudicate. This report begins with a review of previous research documenting the association between overconsumption and serving practices. This research suggests that interventions and enforcement of laws regulating serving practices can increase compliance and reduce alcohol-related problems. The report then presents findings from original research conducted pursuant to a contract with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.1 The findings include: • an analysis of State laws addressing service to intoxicated people and restrictions on happy hours and related serving practices; • a review of the current status of enforcement and adjudication of these laws; and • a presentation of promising enforcement strategies being implemented by State and local enforcement agencies. The report concludes with a summary of the problem and proposed intervention strategies designed to improve compliance rates with laws restricting sales to intoxicated people and happy hour and other reduced-price promotions. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. National Highway Safety Administration, 2005. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: DOT HS 809 878: Accessed August 24, 2011 at: http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/alcohol/pireweb/images/2240pierfinal.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United States URL: http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/alcohol/pireweb/images/2240pierfinal.pdf Shelf Number: 122483 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (U.S.)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: Duru, Haci Title: Crime on Turkish Streetblocks: An Examination of the Effects of High-Schools, On-Premise Alcohol Outlets, and Coffeehouses. Summary: This dissertation examines the relationships between three specific types of places, including high schools, on-premise alcohol outlets, and Turkish coffeehouses, and crime on Turkish streetblocks. Its theoretical framework is grounded in an environmental criminology approach. Research hypotheses are derived from an integration of routine activity theory, crime pattern theory, social disorganization theory, and multilevel criminal opportunity theory. For each of the target places, (high schools, on-premise alcohol outlets, Turkish coffeehouses), it is hypothesized that as the number of the target places (e.g., high schools) on a streetblock increases, the number of crimes also increases on that streetblock. Further, this relationship is hypothesized to be moderated by neighborhood level social disorganization variables. The data for this research come from four different sources. The crime data come from the Bursa Police Department, Turkey. The locations of crime incidents and places are plotted on electronic maps of streetblocks and neighborhoods of Bursa. The map files, including the maps of high schools and on-premise alcohol outlets, come from the Bursa Police Department as well. The locations of Turkish coffeehouses come from the Bursa Chamber of Commerce/Coffeehouses. Neighborhood level social disorganization variables come from the Turkish Statistical Institution. The LandScan 2008 Dataset is used to construct a measure of population at risk. The data are analyzed using the multilevel multivariate Poisson modeling (HGLM) technique (Raudenbush and Earl 2002). The research hypotheses are tested for total crimes, as well as for specific types of crime (i.e., violent crime, burglary, theft, auto-theft, and theft from auto). The results of the analyses indicate that, overall, as the number of target places (e.g., high schools) increases on a streetblock, the number of crimes also increases. The strength of this relationship varies by the type of place (i.e., it is strongest in on-premise alcohol outlets models and weakest in high schools models) and the type of crime. This relationship is also moderated by neighborhood social disorganization. More specifically, overall, neighborhood heterogeneity and economic disadvantage strengthens, and neighborhood instability and family disruption weakens the relationship. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed. There are several limitations of this research. These include problems regarding the temporal ordering of the variables and technical issues regarding the map files (i.e., ambiguity regarding some streetblocks, boundary streets, locations of crime incidents and business places), and limited measures of business places and indicators of social disorganization variables. Possible effects of these limitations on the findings are discussed. With these limitations in mind, this study shows that a multilevel criminal opportunity theory is generalizable to Turkish streetblocks and neighborhoods. Details: Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, Department of Criminal Justice, 2008. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 15, 2011 at: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Year: 7526 Country: Turkey URL: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Duru%20Haci.pdf?ucin1285687526 Shelf Number: 122737 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderNeighborhoods and Crime (Turkey)Routine Activities TheorySocial DisorganizationStreet Crime |
Author: Kurland, Justin Title: Late Weekend Kick-Offs at Premier Football Matches and Their Possible Link to Increased Levels of Alcohol-Related ASB and Disorder Summary: The main objective of this study, which was commissioned by the Government Office for London, was to determine whether late weekend kick-offs at premiership football clubs in London were associated with increased levels of alcohol-related crime and disorder. A comprehensive literature search was mounted to identify relevant previous studies. Only one that was directly related to the issue was identified. This compared two local derbies played between Portsmouth and Southampton, where the later Saturday kick-off appeared to be associated with higher levels of alcohol-related crime and disorder. For the study reported here a wide range of data were collected from British Transport Police, the Metropolitan Police Service, the London Ambulance Service, and the UK Football Policing Unit. These referred to crime and disorder related incidents, crimes and arrests in and around grounds where games were played. The data encompassed records over the four seasons, beginning with 2005-6. In all some 580 games were included in the analysis. Two methods were used to interrogate the data. The first approach identified all late Saturday kick-offs that occurred for the identified clubs in London in the period covered by the research and paired these games with matching games played between the same sides at other times of the week, where possible (for 8 games) earlier on a Saturday. The patterns of crime and disorder associated with the late Saturday kick-off and other games were compared. No consistent difference was found. The second method involved a multiple regression and drew in data from all 580 games that involved the relevant clubs or their grounds taking into account a wide range of variables that may have plausibly been associated with alcohol-related crime and disorder in and around grounds. Substantially it came to the same conclusion as the matched game analysis. No systematic empirical support for the notion that late Saturday kick-off games are associated with elevated levels of alcohol-related crime and disorder emerged. It may, of course, be that the data used failed to capture real differences between later Saturday kick-off games and others, but there was nothing positive to suggest that this is the case. It appears more possible, however, that the late Saturday games were not marked by especially high levels of crime and disorder because of the influence exerted by the police over which games are played with a late kick-off on a Saturday. Where problems are expected the police oppose the scheduling of games at this time. The findings of this research may be read as vindicating police decision-making over which games to agree to although some might argue that this hypothesis should have been tested more directly. The multiple regression looked at the data to see if there were other reliable predictors of levels of crime and disorder at football matches. The most marked finding was that derby matches (matches between two London teams) were associated with higher levels of arrests and that league matches tend to have lower levels of crime and disorder than other games. It is difficult to generalize these findings to other games played in other leagues or to games played outside London. It might be useful to extend the analysis to these. Moreover, further work to identify predictors from crime and disorder at football matches might be fruitful, drawing on a wider range of matches. Details: London: Department of Security and Crime Science University College London, 2010. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2011 at: http://www.asbonline.org.uk/upload/documents/webpage/ASB%20Board/UCLfootballreportforGOL.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.asbonline.org.uk/upload/documents/webpage/ASB%20Board/UCLfootballreportforGOL.pdf Shelf Number: 122743 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderHooliganismSports Violence |
Author: Willis, Dale Title: Place and Neighborhood Crime: Examining the Relationship between Schools, Churches, and Alcohol Related Establishments and Crime Summary: The objective of this research is to determine the degree to which neighborhood crime patterns are influenced by the spatial distribution of three types of places: schools, alcohol establishments, and churches. A substantial body of research has examined the relationship between places and crime. Empirically, this research indicates that there is more crime at certain types of places than at others (Sherman, Gartin, and Buerger, 1989; Spelmen, 1995; Block and Block, 1995). The criminological literature also provides several potential theoretical explanations for these patterns. The routine activity perspective (Cohen and Felson, 1979) argues that crime occurs when motivated offenders converge with potential victims in unguarded areas. Places that promote this convergence are expected to have elevated crime rates, while places that prevent or reduce this convergence are expected to have lower crime rates. The social disorganization perspective (Shaw and McKay, 1942; Bursik, 1988; Krivo and Peterson, 1996) argues that communities with more collective efficacy (in the form of internal social networks and access to external resources and values) are likely to have less crime, while communities lacking in efficacy are likely to have more crime. Places that promote the formation of positive social ties and grant the community access to external resources are expected to reduce crime, while places that inhibit positive social ties and separate the community from external resources are likely to increase crime. Much of the literature on place and crime has focused on the influence of bars on neighborhood crime rates, with a substantial body of research indicating that bars are associated with elevated crime rates (Roncek and Bell, 1981; Roncek and Pravatiner, 1989; Sherman, Gartin, and Buerger, 1989; Roncek and Maier, 1991; Block and Block, 1995). Sherman, Gartin, and Buerger (1989), for example, found that bars can account for upwards of 50% of police service calls in a given area. Here we examine the relationship not only between bars and crime rates, but other types of liquor establishments as well (e.g., liquor stores and restaurants that serve alcohol). In addition to the literature that characterizes bars as hot spots for crime, a smaller, yet growing, body of literature indicates that the presence of schools (Roncek and Lobosco, 1983; Roncek and Faggiani, 1985; Roman, 2004; Kautt and Roncek, 2007, Broidy, Willits, and Denman, 2009, Murray and Swatt, 2010) is also associated with neighborhood crime. The most recent of this research suggests that while high schools are associated with increased crime at the neighborhood level, elementary schools may have a protective influence. Research on churches and crime is limited relative to research focused on schools and bars, but suggests that churches may help protect neighborhoods from crime (Lee, 2006; Lee 2008; Lee 2010). Furthermore, there are theoretical reasons to suspect that churches, like schools and liquor establishments, may be an important type of place to consider when examining crime at the neighborhood level. The current research contributes to a criminological understanding of place and crime by examining whether and how all three location types operate to influence crime rates both independently and relative to one another. Details: Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Statistical Analysis Center, 2011. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 28, 2011 at: nmsac.unm.edu/ Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 122927 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderChurchesCommunities and CrimeCrime AnalysisCrime Hot-SpotsCrime PatternsNeighborhoods and CrimeSchools |
Author: Shobo, Yetty Title: The Financial Burden of Substance Abuse in West Virginia: The Criminal Justice System Series 2 Summary: The growing financial cost of drug and alcohol abuse puts tremendous pressure on every social sector. The present report, part of a larger Family Funding Study project, is the first in series 2 in which the cost of drug and alcohol abuse to West Virginia’s criminal justice, healthcare, education, welfare, and workforce systems will be examined. This particular report focuses on the Criminal Justice System, which includes the Public Defender Program, Prosecuting Attorneys Institute, Parole Board, Law Enforcement, Judicial System, Division of Juvenile Services, Division of Corrections, and Regional Jail Authority. The report presents estimates of the prevalence of drug‐ and alcohol‐involved crimes and services for each agency separately and also the cost of drug‐ and alcohol‐involved crimes. Details: South Charleston, WV: West Virginia Prevention Resource Center, 2011. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 30, 2011 at: http://www.prevnet.org/Funding%20Study/PDF/2011-09-FS-CJ.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.prevnet.org/Funding%20Study/PDF/2011-09-FS-CJ.pdf Shelf Number: 122959 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCosts of CrimeCosts of Criminal JusticeSubstance Abuse and Addiction(West Virginia)Substance Abuse and Crime |
Author: Orr, Kate Skellington Title: Delivering Alcohol Brief Interventions in the Community Justice Setting: Evaluation of a Pilot Project Summary: This report presents the findings of an independent evaluation of the feasibility and potential effectiveness of using Alcohol Brief Interventions (ABIs) in the community justice setting. It describes the set up and operation of a pilot of ABIs introduced into three Local Authority areas in Scotland, which was operational between January 2010 and April 2011. The pilot was set in the context of an increasing policy and research focus on the relationship between alcohol, offending and health inequalities in Scotland and the UK. It arose from a commitment set out in the Scottish Government’s framework for tackling Scotland’s alcohol misuse problems, ‘Changing Scotland's Relationship with Alcohol: A Framework for Action’, to fund research on the delivery of ABIs in settings outwith the NHS, such as in criminal justice. This report is the third of three projects that were funded as part of the Alcohol and Offenders Criminal Justice Research programme (2009-2011) led by NHS Health Scotland on behalf of the Scottish Government. Although ABIs have been widely researched in primary health care settings, there is little evidence to date of their effectiveness in the community justice setting. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to contribute to the evidence base for ABIs through assessing the feasibility, barriers and potential implications of using the ABI model in day-to-day practice in community justice for recently convicted offenders. Details: Edinburgh: National Health Service Scotland, 2011. 118p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 18, 2011 at: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/16981-alcoholBriefInterventionsCriminalJusticeSystem.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.healthscotland.com/uploads/documents/16981-alcoholBriefInterventionsCriminalJusticeSystem.pdf Shelf Number: 123040 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Scotland)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment Programs |
Author: Smith, Lance Title: Policing Licensed Premises in the Australian Capital Territory Summary: There is an old joke that says that an Australian’s definition of a drinking problem is being in a situation where you can’t get a drink. This reflects Australia’s well-established reputation for being a community where the consumption of alcohol, frequently at excessive and harmful levels, is associated with many forms of entertainment and participation in social events. In other words, the association between alcohol consumption and the enjoyment of social activity is a deeply embedded cultural phenomenon. However, the evidence relating to the range of individual and social harms associated with alcohol misuse is strong. In 2007, one in four Australians were a victim of alcohol-related verbal abuse, 13 percent were put in fear and 4.5 percent of Australians aged 14 years or older had been physically abused by someone under the influence of alcohol (AIHW 2008). The rates of physical and verbal abuse by a person affected by alcohol are more than twice the rate for other drug types. Alcohol-related crime and disorder also has a significant adverse impact upon the perceptions of safety among the broader community. At the same time, Australia also has a substantial reputation for developing and implementing innovative policy approaches to trying to reduce the harms associated with excessive alcohol use and violence in particular. Many of these initiatives have been focused on regulatory responses that target licensed premises and liquor outlets. Licensed premises are a high-risk setting for alcohol-related violence, with a large proportion of assaults occurring in or within very close proximity to hotels and nightclubs. Furthermore, both patrons and staff of licensed premises are at a heightened risk of becoming involved in a violent incident compared with other locations. Over the years, police and liquor regulatory authorities, often in partnership with liquor licensees, have committed significant effort and resources to efforts to improve the overall safety of drinking venues and the overall amenity of the nearby community. Unfortunately, often what has been missing from such efforts has been any systematic assessment of their relative effectiveness and methods for sharing the lessons learned. This report is part of an attempt to redress this knowledge deficit. Undertaken in close partnership with Australian Capital Territory Policing (ACTP), the project was a detailed study of the effectiveness of a series of policing measures implemented by the ACTP over several months to reduce and prevent alcohol-related violence in and around licensed premises and entertainment precincts in the ACT. As with similar studies previously conducted here and overseas, the project found mixed results in relation to effectiveness. However, the project was able to help identify and explain what things were working and why, thereby providing a series of evidence-based recommendations for future policing in this area, many of which it is pleasing to note have already been adopted by ACTP. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011. 85p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical and Background Paper 48: Accessed October 18, 2011 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/en/publications/current%20series/tbp/41-60/tbp048.aspx Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/en/publications/current%20series/tbp/41-60/tbp048.aspx Shelf Number: 123049 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Australia)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCrime Prevention |
Author: Belfast Drug and Alcohol Working Group Title: Scoping Report on Drugs and Alcohol Services in Belfast Summary: This report presents a substantial insight into the current situation in relation to drugs and alcohol use and more importantly, it gives an overview of service provision currently in place to tackle substance misuse in the Belfast area. The drive behind this scoping report began in late 2009 when a number of community and statutory sector individuals came together to voice their concerns, especially in a North Belfast context, around drug and alcohol issues impacting on local communities and the need for a more Belfast-focussed co-ordinated approach. This small group felt it was timely to take an innovative Belfast-wide approach to this area of work. Initial meetings were held with John McGeown, Assistant Director of Mental Health Services in the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Billy Hutchinson of Mount Vernon Community Development Association; Frances Black and Brian Allen of the RISE Foundation and Mary Black, Assistant Director of Public Health, Health and Social Wellbeing Improvement in the Public Health Agency along with Irene Sherry from the Bridge of Hope in order to consider the issues facing agencies in Belfast. However, it soon became clear that more stakeholders should be invited to participate in order to ensure a fully inclusive collective approach was adopted. Throughout 2010 representatives from a number of key statutory organisations and community/ voluntary providers met to undertake an initial scoping exercise. From this initial analysis, it was clear that there was a lot of work being funded or commissioned but that awareness of services and, more importantly, linking up of service provision was not always in place or as effective as it needed to be. With this in mind the group agreed that it would be worthwhile to spend some time looking at the gaps and issues locally and analyse the situation with a view to creating an overview report with recommendations for consideration, primarily by the Public Health Agency and the Eastern Drugs and Alcohol Coordination Team, but also by other statutory agencies with a responsibility for, or interest in, addressing drugs and alcohol misuse. Our recommendations focus on longer term planning and more cohesive partnership working as well as simplifying access to and participation in existing service provision. It is acknowledged that whilst many agencies are delivering services in this area, there is a lack of awareness of provision both within the health and social care sector itself and outside in the wider community/voluntary sector. Our recommendations focus on longer term planning and more cohesive partnership working as well as simplifying access to and participation in existing service provision. It is acknowledged that whilst many agencies are delivering services in this area, there is a lack of awareness of provision both within the health and social care sector itself and outside in the wider community/voluntary sector. Details: Belfast: Public Health Agency, 2011. 96p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 29, 2011 at: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16010/1/Scoping_Belfast.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/16010/1/Scoping_Belfast.pdf Shelf Number: 123172 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Belfast)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsDrug AbuseDrug TreatmentHealth Care |
Author: Wolfson, Mark Title: National Evaluation of the Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Randomized Community Trial Summary: This is the final report of the National Evaluation of the Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Program Randomized Community Trial, covering the entire project period (2003-2009). The report describes the goals and objectives of the study, outlines the design and methods used in the evaluation, and summarizes the results. In addition, it provides a discussion of challenges and accomplishments of the study, as well as recommendations for future research and practice. The report is divided into eight major sections. Section 1: Executive Summary Section 2: Overview and Methods Section 3: Grant Requirements Section 4: Impact Evaluation Results Section 5: Process Evaluation Results Section 6: Sustainability Section 7: Late Breaking Crash Analyses Section 8: Conclusions and Recommendations Section 9: Appendices Details: Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, 2011. 196p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/236176.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/236176.pdf Shelf Number: 123320 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk DrivingUnderage Drinking (U.S.) |
Author: Hadfield, Phil Title: Lost Orders?: Law Enforcement and Alcohol in England and Wales Summary: Alcohol misuse is generally recognised as being a significant problem in the UK and is associated with various types of social and health harms. Laws are in place to discourage alcohol misuse and thus minimise these harms. These include, for example, laws designed to prevent drunkenness and drinking by under-18s. The laws in question may apply to the drinker or to those that supply the alcohol. In respect of one form of alcohol misuse, drink-driving, effective law enforcement combined with sustained educational campaigning is believed to have been responsible for a positive transformation in attitudes and behaviour during the late 20th century. This suggests that effective enforcement of relevant laws may be a necessary requirement if UK society is to achieve positive attitudes and behaviour concerning alcohol consumption more generally. The question is whether those laws, particularly in relation to drunkenness and drinking among under-18s, are being enforced effectively and, if not, how this might be achieved. This research examines whether the laws in the UK relating to the sale and consumption of alcohol are 'fit for purpose' and are being effectively enforced. If not, what is preventing their effective enforcement? Details: London: Portman Group, 2011. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2011 at: http://www.portmangroup.org.uk/assets/documents/Law%20Enforcement%20and%20Alcohol%20in%20England%20and%20Wales,%20Measham%20and%20Hadfield%202011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.portmangroup.org.uk/assets/documents/Law%20Enforcement%20and%20Alcohol%20in%20England%20and%20Wales,%20Measham%20and%20Hadfield%202011.pdf Shelf Number: 123358 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (U.K.)Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrunkenness |
Author: Cook, Philip J. Title: The Virtuous Tax: Lifesaving and Crime-Prevention Effects of the 1991 Federal Alcohol-Tax Increase Summary: On January 1, 1991, the federal excise tax on beer doubled, and the tax rates on wine and liquor increased as well. These changes are larger than the typical state-level changes that have been used to study the effect of price on alcohol abuse and its consequences. In this paper, we develop a method to estimate some important effects of those large 1991 changes, exploiting the interstate differences in alcohol consumption. We demonstrate that the relative importance of drinking in traffic fatalities is closely tied to per capita alcohol consumption across states. As a result, we expect that the proportional effects of the federal tax increase on traffic fatalities would be positively correlated with per capita consumption. We demonstrate that this is indeed the case, and infer estimates of the price elasticity and lives saved in each state. We repeat this exercise for other injury-fatality rates, and for nine categories of crime. For each outcome, the estimated effect of the tax increase is negatively related to average consumption, and that relationship is highly significant for the overall injury death rate, the violent crime rate, and the property crime rate. A conservative estimate is that the federal tax reduced injury deaths by 4.7%, or almost 7,000, in 1991. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper No. 17709: Accessed January 12, 2012 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17709 Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17709 Shelf Number: 123564 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrunk DrivingFederal TaxationTraffic Fatalities |
Author: Newton, Andrew Title: Evaluation of Licensing Act: Measuring Crime and Disorder in and around Licensed Premises Summary: The Licensing Act 2003 (hereafter referred to as the Act), which came into effect on 24th November 2005, represented a major change to the sale of alcohol in England and Wales, by potentially allowing licensed premises to sell alcohol for up to 24 hours, 7 days per week. The introduction of the Act brought with it a range of additional measures. These included an expansion of police powers to close areas or particular premises, specific offences relating to the sale of alcohol to children and a new mechanism for reviewing the granting of licenses that takes into account crime prevention, public safety public nuisance and child protection. The rationale behind the Act was that by removing fixed and artificially early closing times, the numbers of people exiting licensed premises would be dispersed over a longer time period. The expectation was that this would reduce binge drinking, violent behaviour, damage to property and disorder. At the same time, concerns were voiced that the Act would lead to greater alcohol consumption, increased levels of violence and more pressure on accident and emergency units. In October 2005, the Applied Criminology Centre (ACC) at the University of Huddersfield was commissioned to carry out an evaluation of the impact of the legislation on changes in crime and disorder. The study examined baseline conditions and subsequent change occurring in the town centres of five case study areas, namely, Blackpool, Birmingham, Croydon, Guildford and Nottingham. The overall aims of the research were to provide a baseline indicator of levels of crime and disorder in and around licensed premises, and to examine the impact of the Act on patterns of crime and disorder in and around licensed premises, in each of the five case study areas. A number of specific research questions were formulated to guide this research. These were as follows: • What patterns of crime and disorder exist in and around licensed premises? • What other local factors may explain the prevalence of crime and disorder in and around licensed premises? • Has the introduction of the Act, and the granting of additional opening hours to licensed premises, led to a change in violence and disorder at these licensed premises? • Have overall levels of crime and disorder within town and city centres changed following the Act? • Have the peaks of crime and disorder displaced to later or earlier periods? • Has the profile of crime and disorder in and around licensed premises and associated ‘hot spots’ changed in relation to venues with additional opening hours? • Has the Act resulted in unintended consequences such as geographical displacement or diffusion of benefits to surrounding areas? Details: Huddersfield, UK: University of Huddersfield, Applied Criminology Centre, 2008. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 19, 2012 at: http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/display/52423 Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/display/52423 Shelf Number: 125031 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (U.K.)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderNuisance Crimes and Disorder |
Author: Carpenter, Christopher Title: The Drinking Age, Alcohol Consumption, and Crime Summary: We use exogenous variation in alcohol consumption induced by the Minimum Legal Drinking Age to estimate the causal effect of alcohol consumption on crime. Individuals just over age 21 are 31 percent more likely to report having recently consumed alcohol and report drinking on 57 percent more days than individuals just under 21. This increase in alcohol consumption results in a 6 percent increase in arrests mostly due to robberies, assaults, alcohol-related offenses, and nuisance crimes. The results imply an elasticity of about .10, which suggests that policies that affect the alcohol consumption of young adults can substantially affect crime. Details: Irvine, CA: University of California Irvine, 2010. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 28, 2012 at http://web.gsm.uci.edu/~kittc/Carpenter_Dobkin_Crime_website_01192011.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://web.gsm.uci.edu/~kittc/Carpenter_Dobkin_Crime_website_01192011.pdf Shelf Number: 125080 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderUnderage Drinking |
Author: Larkin, Jim R. Title: An Empirical Analysis of Alcohol Use, Drug Prohibition Enforcement and Major Crime in the USA Using State Level Aata for the 1990s Summary: This study assesses the aggregate association in the USA (1988-2005) between alcohol and other drug consumption, drug prohibition enforcement and crimes against persons and property while controlling for potential confounders. Its main aim is to contribute to existing econometric evidence about the effectiveness of drug law enforcement as a tool for reducing other types of crime. A secondary aim is to address the question of whether increases in cannabinoid use and decreases in alcohol contributed to the enigmatic 1990s US nationwide crime decline. Details: Adelaide: University of Adelaide, School of Economics, 2008. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2012 at: http://economics.adelaide.edu.au/events/archive/2008/An-Empirical-Analysis-of-Alcohol-Use-Drug-Prohibition-Enforcement-and-Major-Crime-in-the-USA-using-state-level-data-for-the-1990s.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://economics.adelaide.edu.au/events/archive/2008/An-Empirical-Analysis-of-Alcohol-Use-Drug-Prohibition-Enforcement-and-Major-Crime-in-the-USA-using-state-level-data-for-the-1990s.pdf Shelf Number: 125175 Keywords: Albohol Abuse ( U.S.)Alcohol ProhibitionAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrug Abuse and CrimeDrug Prohibition |
Author: Fitzpatrick, Rob Title: A label for exclusion: Support of alcohol-misusing offenders Summary: The development of alcohol interventions for offenders is a challenging area with implications for both health and criminal justice agencies. Effective responses are complicated by the fact that, unlike drugs, the use of alcohol is both legal and widely socially sanctioned and that there are complex links between alcohol misuse and offending. Nevertheless, the misuse of alcohol has major implications for public health, mental wellbeing, community safety and reoffending, as well as costs to wider society. This policy paper identifies areas and practical examples of how, in a changing and uncertain policy and commissioning landscape, the joint commissioning and delivery of alcohol interventions for offenders in the community might be productively developed. It is intended to be read by all who are responsible for the commissioning or delivery of alcohol services whether from health, criminal justice or other agencies. The paper has been produced in partnership with the Department of Health South West and based on extensive interviews and focus groups with commissioners, managers, front line workers and the users of services within the South West, with input from central policy leads within the National Offender Management Service, the Department of Health, the Ministry of Justice and other specialist national agencies. Details: London: Centre for Mental Health, 2010. 20p. Source: Centre for Mental Health Policy Paper: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2012 at http://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/pdfs/label_for_exclusion.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/pdfs/label_for_exclusion.pdf Shelf Number: 125206 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (U.K.)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social BehaviorIntervention Programs (U.K.) |
Author: New Hampshire. Attorney General Title: Attorney General’s Review of the March 2, 2010 Incident at the Strange Brew Tavern in Manchester, New Hampshire Summary: On July 15, 2010, the Attorney General announced that the Department of Justice would undertake a comprehensive review of all the facts and circumstances surrounding the March 2, 2010 incident at the Strange Brew Tavern in Manchester, New Hampshire involving four off-duty Manchester police officers and a civilian to determine if any crimes were committed. Details: Concord, NH: Attorney General, 2011. 89p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2012 at: http://doj.nh.gov/criminal/documents/strange-brew-incident-report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://doj.nh.gov/criminal/documents/strange-brew-incident-report.pdf Shelf Number: 125374 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly MisconductPolice Misconduct |
Author: Bradshaw, Paul Title: Underage Drinking and the Illegal Purchase of Alcohol Summary: The Scottish Executive Central Research Unit (now SE Social Research), on behalf of the Nicholson Committee, commissioned research on the under-age drinking behaviour of young people, and the extent to which alcohol is purchased illegally in pubs and clubs, supermarkets and shops, off-licenses and other, illegal, sources. The research was undertaken within the context of The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime, a large-scale, longitudinal study of approximately 4,300 young people currently aged around 15, and attending schools within the City of Edinburgh. The Edinburgh Study already collects substantial information on alcohol consumption among the cohort using annual Sweeps (since the age of 12), and to facilitate the research included a specific question on the purchase of alcohol in the most recent questionnaire. Key findings from the study were as follows: • Drinking alcohol was found be a commonplace activity for the majority of the sample. Just over 51% of young people admitted to drinking alcohol when they were around 13 years old, and this figure rose to almost 84% by the time they were aged 15. • Drinking alcohol was also found to be a regular activity among young people. Almost half (49%) drank at least monthly or more often, with half of these (a quarter of the whole cohort) drinking on a weekly basis. • Just under half (49%) of the respondents had purchased alcohol illegally from at least one source in the previous year. • The most common source of alcohol for these respondents was a small, licensed grocer or corner shop with 33% having purchased alcohol from one of these outlets. • 35% of respondents had purchased alcohol from more than one source, and 15% had bought it from 4 or more sources. • Those who had purchased alcohol were more likely to drink more frequently. 42% of alcohol buyers drank on a weekly basis compared to 8% of nonbuyers. Furthermore, a higher number of sources where alcohol had been purchased correlated with a higher frequency of drinking in the sample. • Many respondents had also experienced the adverse effects of drinking alcohol. 49% could not remember some of things they had done on at least one occasion, and 46% reported being drunk at least once in the last year. • Purchasing alcohol was also found to be strongly related to involvement in delinquent behaviour and, further, was a better predictor of delinquent behaviour than frequency of drinking. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Social Research, 2003. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 19, 2012 at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/47032/0025168.pdf Year: 2003 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/47032/0025168.pdf Shelf Number: 125686 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderUnderage Drinking (Scotland) |
Author: Heaton, Paul Title: Sunday Liquor Laws and Crime Summary: Many jurisdictions have considered relaxing Sunday alcohol sales restrictions, yet such restrictions' effects on public health remain poorly understood. This paper analyzes the effects of legalization of Sunday packaged liquor sales on crime, focusing on the phased introduction of such sales in Virginia beginning in 2004. Differences-in-differences and triple-differences estimates indicate the liberalization increased minor crime by 5% and alcohol-involved serious crime by 10%. The law change did not affect domestic crime or induce significant geographic or inter-temporal crime displacement. The costs of this additional crime are comparable to the state's revenues from increased liquor sales. Details: Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2011. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper, WR-818-ISEC: Accessed August 10, 2012 at: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/2011/RAND_WR818.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/2011/RAND_WR818.pdf Shelf Number: 125951 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCosts of Criminal Justice |
Author: London. Assembly. Health and Public Services Committee Title: Too Much Too Young? Alcohol Misuse Among Young Londoners Summary: Alcohol misuse by young people is a serious concern. Eleven to fifteen year olds in London now drink the equivalent of 180,000 bottles of lager a week, and the amount they drink is increasing. In particular, young women aged 11-15 drink significantly larger quantities of alcohol than they were a few years ago, and they now have drinking habits similar to those of their male peers. However, young women tend to have a lower tolerance for alcohol than young men, which explains why hospital admission rates for 11-15 year old women are almost double those for young men of the same age. Young people from Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities are more likely to drink than they were a few years ago. Although young Londoners from these communities are still less likely to drink than young people from other groups, the Committee is concerned that these recent increases could be the start of an ongoing trend. Young people’s drinking is putting increasing pressure on health services. The number of hospital admissions for young Londoners almost doubled between 2002 and 20063. In 2007-08 the London Ambulance Service NHS Trust dealt with 8,126 alcohol-related calls for 11-21 year olds, which is a 27 per cent increase on 2004-05. The cost of responding to these calls in 2007-08 was around £1.3 million. Despite the growing problem of young people’s alcohol misuse and its increasing impacts on public services, a lack of senior leadership both locally and regionally means that efforts to reduce alcohol harm are not always effectively prioritised or coordinated. The Committee therefore believes that the Mayor and local leaders need to focus more effort on tackling alcohol misuse. Details: London: Greater London Authority, 2009. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 10, 2012 at: http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/assembly/reports/health/alcohol-misuse.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/assembly/reports/health/alcohol-misuse.pdf Shelf Number: 125956 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderUnderage Drinking |
Author: Cozens, Paul Title: Investigating Crime Precipitators and the 'Environmental Backcloth' of the Night Time Economy: An Environmental Criminology Perspective from an Australian Capital City Summary: In many Western, post-industrial cities of the 21st Century, entertainment districts play an increasingly significant place-making role and contribute much to their night-time economies. However, many of these cities are experiencing increased levels of crime and fear of crime within their alcohol-oriented entertainment districts. This paper investigates crime and the night-time economy (NTE) associated with an entertainment district in an Australian capital city. It discusses the concept of the ‘environmental backcloth' (Brantingham and Brantinham, 1993) to this area as important contextual background to some of the contemporary crime problems. The paper highlights examples of situational crime precipitators (Wortley, 2008) from observational research and detailed land-use and pedestrian surveys conducted in the entertainment district. Seen within the context of the ‘environmental backcloth' these ‘situations' and settings can create irritation, frustration and pressures and potentially prompt / trigger or provoke criminality in otherwise, law-abiding citizens. The authors highlights the contribution that an environmental criminology perspective can provide to understanding the propensity for night-time entertainment districts to act as generators of and attractors for crime and anti-social behaviour. They set out a Scale Conscious Environmental Backcloth and Crime Precipitator Framework to assist in understanding crime and the NTE. The paper calls for more critical and detailed urban design studies and for ‘criminogenic environments' to be taken more seriously within planning. Details: Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales, 2011. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 21, 2012 at http://soac.fbe.unsw.edu.au/2011/papers/SOAC2011_0217_final.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://soac.fbe.unsw.edu.au/2011/papers/SOAC2011_0217_final.pdf Shelf Number: 126074 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social BehaviorEnvironmental CriminologyNight-time Economy |
Author: Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology Title: Reducing Alcohol-Related Harms in Los Angeles County: A Cities and Communities Report, Revised Edition Summary: Excessive alcohol consumption costs LA County 2,500 lives and $10.8 billion each year. The findings in this analysis are consistent with previous studies which have shown significant associations between alcohol availability and alcohol-related harms. Details: Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 2011. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 1, 2012 at http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/sapc/resources/AODFinalRevised13012.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/sapc/resources/AODFinalRevised13012.pdf Shelf Number: 126540 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Use and Abuse (Los Angeles)Crime Prevention |
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Title: Teen Drinking and Driving: A Dangerous Mix Summary: The percentage of teens in high school who drink and drive has decreased by more than half since 1991, but more can be done. Nearly one million high school teens drank alcohol and got behind the wheel in 2011. Teen drivers are 3 times more likely than more experienced drivers to be in a fatal crash. Drinking any alcohol greatly increases this risk for teens. Research has shown that factors that help to keep teens safe include parental involvement, minimum legal drinking age and zero tolerance laws, and graduated driver licensing systems. These proven steps can protect the lives of more young drivers and everyone who shares the road with them. Details: Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012. 4p. Source: CDC Vitalsigns: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2012 at http://www.cdc.gov/VitalSigns/pdf/2012-10-vitalsigns.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.cdc.gov/VitalSigns/pdf/2012-10-vitalsigns.pdf Shelf Number: 126581 Keywords: AdolescentsAlcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDriving Under the InfluenceDrunk Driving |
Author: Donnelly, Neil Title: Young Adults' Experience of Responsible Service of Alcohol in NSW: 2011 Update Summary: Aim: To determine whether the provision of responsible service of alcohol (RSA) changed in NSW licensed premises between 2002 and 2011. Method: A repeat cross-sectional telephone survey of young adults (n=2,503 in 2011, n=2,427 in 2006, n=1,090 in 2002). Results: The percentage of respondents who reported showing at least one sign of intoxication at licensed premises decreased from 2006 to 2011 (from 56% to 51%). The overall provision of RSA to those who reported any signs of intoxication increased from 2002 to 2011 (from 10% in 2002 to 15% in 2006 to 19% in 2011). There was no change in the overall provision of RSA to those who reported three or more signs of intoxication between 2006 and 2011. However, particular RSA practices appear to have become more stringent among more intoxicated patrons (4% were asked to leave the premises in 2006 cf. 12% in 2011). Non-intoxicated patrons also reported that intoxicated patrons were asked to leave the licensed premises more often over this time period. Conclusion: There has been an increase in the use of RSA initiatives in New South Wales licensed premises over the period 2002 through 2011. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2012. 20p. Source: Crime and Justice Bulletin No. 162: Internet Resource: Accessed October 14, 2012 at http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB162.pdf/$file/CJB162.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB162.pdf/$file/CJB162.pdf Shelf Number: 126707 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderLicensed PremisesYoung Adults |
Author: Hanes, Melodee Title: Community Supervision of Underage Drinkers Summary: Underage drinking is a widespread offense that can have serious physical, neurological, and legal consequences. Problematically, it has become quite commonplace. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) works to eliminate underage consumption of alcohol and provide guidance for communities developing prevention and treatment programs. OJJDP created the underage drinking bulletin series to educate practitioners and policymakers about the problems youth face when they abuse alcohol and to provide evidence-based guidelines. The series presents findings from a study on preventing underage drinking in the Air Force as well as a literature review of the effects and consequences of underage drinking, best practices for community supervision of underage drinkers and legal issues surrounding underage drinking, and practice guidelines for working with underage drinkers. The series highlights the dangers of underage drinking. Hopefully, the information it provides will support communities in their efforts to reduce alcohol use by minors through the use of evidence based strategies and practices. In this bulletin, the authors provide a theoretical overview upon which to base policies, procedures, and practices that will help professionals—and their corresponding agencies—effectively supervise underage drinkers in the community. They also discuss the legal issues that professionals may encounter when working with these youth. Details: Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice, 2012. Source: OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2012 at Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 126874 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCommunity SupervisionJuvenile OffendersUnderage Drinking |
Author: Heung, Carly Title: Alcohol and Community-based Violence: A Systematic Review Summary: Alcohol is one of the most widely available psychoactive drugs. Both alcohol use and violence share some common physiological, social, and economic variables. While the link between alcohol consumption and violent behaviour has been well established, the mechanisms – social and environmental influences – by which this occurs, are not fully understood. This association highlights the need to gain a better understanding of the contributing factors associated with alcohol-related violence. Purpose: To identify the associated effects of alcohol sales on community-based violence as explained in the existing literature. Methodology: A systematic review of recent literature published from 1999 to 2009 was completed. The search strategy included only articles published in English, with a specific focus on alcohol sales and community-based violence. Electronic databases, grey literature, reference lists of relevant studies and previously published reviews on similar topics were searched using seventeen keywords representing ‘alcohol use’ and ‘community-based violence’. Results: Twenty-eight studies were identified that addressed alcohol outlet density, hours and days of alcohol retail sale, price of alcohol, alcohol sales, characteristics of violent bars, and alcohol-related violent injuries from Emergency Room data. The general finding is that alcohol-related violence is perpetuated by the availability and harmful use of alcohol. Recommendations and Conclusion: These research findings provided ample basis for providing direction and recommendations for informing public health policies to reduce alcohol’s contribution to community-based violence. Eight strategies and 21 commendations are proposed which follow a coordinated, comprehensive health promotion approach incorporating healthy public policy and community action along with the ‘four pillars’: prevention, treatment, harm reduction, and enforcement. Details: Toronto: Alcohol Policy Network, Ontario Public Health Association, 2010. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2012 at: http://www.apolnet.ca/resources/pubs/rpt_Alcohol_and_Violence-2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.apolnet.ca/resources/pubs/rpt_Alcohol_and_Violence-2010.pdf Shelf Number: 126879 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Lloyd, Belinda Title: Drinking Cultures and Social Occasions: Alcohol Harms in the Context of Major Public Holidays and Cultural Events Summary: This research is produced by Eastern Health-Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre with VicHealth funding, and shows a link between days around major sporting events and increases in alcohol intoxication and related harm based on data on ambulance attendances, emergency department and hospital admissions, and police attendances. It provides evidence that acute intoxication, motor vehicle accidents and injuries due to assaults increase around these events, and generally rise the day before. It shows peak times for alcohol-related harms in Melbourne occuring on Fridays and Saturdays, and during the warmer months. This evidence highlights the impact of risky alcohol use and the harmful drinking culture on resource allocation and staffing for police, ambulance and emergency services. The data also gives valuable guidance for targeting alcohol intervention and prevention initiatives and health education campaigns to minimise harms associated with drinking. Details: Melbourne: VicHealth, 2011. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2012 at: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/Publications/Alcohol-Misuse/Sporting-events-Drinking-cultures-and-social-occasions.aspx Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/Publications/Alcohol-Misuse/Sporting-events-Drinking-cultures-and-social-occasions.aspx Shelf Number: 126882 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Australia)Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Stockwell, Tim Title: Operator and Regulatory Best Practices in the Reduction of Violence in and Around Licensed Premises: A Review of Australian and Canadian Research Summary: The social, health and economic costs of alcohol related problems are conservatively estimated to cost the people of Canada $14.6 billion per annum (Rehm et al., 2006). The problems of violence in and around licensed premises make a significant though often hidden contribution to these health, social and economic costs. Responding to alcohol related incidents utilizes a great deal of police and other emergency services resources, especially late at night when provision for these services is often stretched. This report was prepared to support efforts to respond to growing community concerns about alcohol related violence in recent years. While violence in and around licensed premises is commonplace among economically developed nations, especially in areas with large clusters of licensed venues, there are some special circumstances contributing to these problems in some regions of Canada, notably British Columbia and Alberta. These include a relatively healthy economy, an influx of young male fly in-fly out workers in some areas and the increasingly deregulated liquor markets. The purpose of this report is to summarize the evidence for "what works" in communitywide efforts to prevent the problem of violence in and around licensed premises based mostly on Australian and Canadian research. Special reference is made throughout to 92 strategies recommended as a result of the Alberta Roundtables on violence in and around licensed premises (Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission, 2006). These strategies are grouped into larger categories in the present report under the general headings of operator, regulatory and community mobilization strategies. Each category was given a rating based upon the level of available evidence. In order to aid local efforts to implement evidence-based strategies, a set of basic principles are recommended for successful violence prevention in this particular arena. Details: Victoria, BC : Centre for Addictions Research of BC, 2010. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 6, 2012 at: http://www.carbc.ca/Portals/0/propertyagent/558/files/15/alcohol&violence.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Canada URL: http://www.carbc.ca/Portals/0/propertyagent/558/files/15/alcohol&violence.pdf Shelf Number: 126887 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Canada, Australia)Alcohol and ViolenceAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Cavanagh, Ben Title: Religiously Aggravated Offending in Scotland 2011-12 Summary: There has been an increase in the number of recorded religious aggravation charges in 2011-12 compared with previous years. For this report, 876 charges with a religious aggravation reported in 2011-12 were analysed, compared with 693 charges in 2010-11. This is an increase of 26%. As COPFS have suggested, this increase may be partly due to increased awareness, reporting and recording of these crimes, following several incidents which received media attention during 2011-2012. A substantial proportion (40%) of all charges were in Glasgow, 93% of the accused were male and 58% were between the ages of 16 and 30. Fifty-seven percent of all charges were reported by the police as being alcohol related. Glasgow was one of the four local authority areas where there was a reduction in the number of aggravations compared to the previous year. The data analysed in this report did not however allow for further explanations of regional differences. Although the number of football-related charges rose in the last year by 16% (from 231 to 267) the proportion went down from 33% to 31% of charges. The number of charges occurring in football stadiums also decreased from 90 (13%) to 67 (8%). This reduction in charges may in part be explained by the increased focus on football-policing and supporter conduct through the work of the Joint Action Group on Football, established in 2011. Roman Catholicism and Protestantism were most often the religions that were the subject of abuse. The proportional spread of the religions that were targeted was similar to the previous year: 57.7% in 2010-11 and 58.1% in 2011-12 for Roman Catholicism; and 36.5% in 2010-11 and 40.3% in 2011-12 for Protestantism. Police officers were the most common target of religiously aggravated offending, in over half (51%) of all charges. The occasions when religious abuse targeted people within the ‘general community’ and not a particular individual, represented 30% of all charges, a proportional reduction since 2010-11. There has been a slight rise since 2010-11 in the use of custody for religiously aggravated offences. The figures show that 43% of charges resulted in fines in 11-12 (42% in 10-11), 22% community penalty in 11-12 (25% in 10-11), 20% custody in 11-12 (18% in 10-11) and 14.9% ‘other’ in 11-12, which is exactly the same as 10-11. Although this research provides insight into the nature of religious offending and will enable comparisons for analysis of trends in future years, there are, as noted in chapter 3 of this report, a number of qualifications for the understanding of this information which means that this report presents only a partial view of the nature of religiously motivated offending in Scotland. To understand changes in the number of charges with a religious aggravation, there is a need to know more about the enforcement strategies of the police. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research, 2012. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 28, 2012 at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0040/00408745.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0040/00408745.pdf Shelf Number: 127014 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderFootball (Soccer) and CrimeHate CrimesReligion and Crime (Scotland) |
Author: Braaf, Rochelle Title: Elephant in the Room: Responding to Alcohol Misuse and Domestic Violence Summary: International research shows a strong association between alcohol misuse and perpetration of domestic violence. In turn, victimisation has been shown to often lead to drinking problems. Many in the domestic violence sector have been reluctant to fully engage with this association due to concerns about misconstruing alcohol as a cause of partner abuse, thereby reducing perpetrator responsibility for their violence and failing to target its real causes. Among key theories about this association, one that best aligns with our knowledge of relationship violence proposes that where alcohol misuse co-occurs with attitudes and behaviours supportive of violence against women, abuse is more likely and is more likely to escalate. Responses to this issue are urgently needed and interventions targeting both alcohol misuse and attitudes and behaviours supportive of violence will be more effective than those aimed at single problems. Interventions need to be guided by goals of victim safety, provision of support and services, the prevention of abuse and making perpetrators accountable for their behaviour. Interventions fall into two broad camps: (i) community wide primary prevention mechanisms mainly targeting alcohol misuse and (ii) individualised tertiary prevention mechanisms targeting either or both alcohol misuse and domestic violence. Prevention mechanisms show good potential to reduce alcohol related domestic violence, although their effectiveness would be enhanced by companion efforts to challenge attitudes and behaviours that support violence towards women. Greater collaboration between alcohol and domestic violence sectors could substantially advance the development, implementation and evaluation of interventions. Details: Sydney: Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2012. 23p. Source: Issues Paper 24: Internet Resource: Accessed December 2, 2012 at http://www.adfvc.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/IssuesPaper_24.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.adfvc.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/IssuesPaper_24.pdf Shelf Number: 127102 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDomestic Violence (Australia)Family Violence |
Author: Symons, Martyn Title: A Longitidunal Study of Influences on Alcohol Consumption and Related harm in Central Australia: With a Particular Emphasis on the Role of Price Summary: The aim of this project was to examine and report on the impact of various alcohol control measures on levels of alcohol consumption and related harm in Central Australia for the period 2000–2010. Specific objectives were to: • describe trends in alcohol consumption in Central Australia; • describe trends in key indicators of alcohol-related harm; • describe key interventions aimed at reducing alcohol-related harm; • identify any changes in consumption and indicators of harm and to test whether, or to what extent, these can be attributed to particular interventions or combinations of them; and, • report on the implications for alcohol policy and strategies to reduce alcohol related harm. Details: Perth, Western Australia: National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, 2012. 163p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 10, 2012 at: http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/11_2012/ndri_report.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/11_2012/ndri_report.pdf Shelf Number: 127198 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Australia)Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Lloyd, Belinda Title: Drinking Cultures and Social Occasions: Alcohol Harms in the Context of Major Sporting Events Summary: his report looks at the harms associated with alcohol consumption in the context of major sporting events which were explored in terms of general patterns, gender and age patterns. A range of alcohol-related harms were considered, including acute intoxication requiring medical attention, assaults, and motor vehicle accidents. The use of time series analysis allows exploration of the levels of harms associated with specific events after controlling for the impact of seasonal and temporal variations in alcohol-related harms. Across all populations examined, the peak months of the year for ambulance attendances, emergency department presentations, and hospital admissions attributed to acute alcohol intoxication were November and December, with February also being identified as a peak month among males. Consistent with the literature, Fridays and Saturdays were the days with the highest concentrations of alcohol intoxication related attendances, presentations and admissions. Varying effects were noted for major sporting events. Significantly elevated numbers of cases of acute alcohol intoxication were evident for all groups examined on the day before the Melbourne Cup, whilst elevated cases were seen for all patients and for males on the day before the AFL Grand Final. For all groups examined, elevated cases of alcohol intoxication occurred on the day of the Melbourne Cup, and also for all groups except females on the day of the AFL Grand Final and the event of the Commonwealth Games. Numbers of ambulance attendances for acute intoxication were significantly lower than expected on the day following the Melbourne Cup for all patients, and this was driven by the trend among females. Details: Melbourne: VicHealth, 2011. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 16, 2012 at http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/alcohol%20misuse/DrinkingCultures-SportingEvents/FullReport_DrinkingCultures-SportingEvents_VicHealth-TurningPoint.ashx Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/alcohol%20misuse/DrinkingCultures-SportingEvents/FullReport_DrinkingCultures-SportingEvents_VicHealth-TurningPoint.ashx Shelf Number: 127210 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Australia)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderSporting Events |
Author: Graham, Lesley Title: Alcohol Problems in the Criminal Justice System: An Opportunity for Intervention Summary: Alcohol is linked with crime, especially violent crime. Many people are incarcerated because of alcohol-related crime. Alcohol is not permitted in prisons except in a very few cases, and illicit use of alcohol in prison is not a major problem. Nevertheless, imprisonment gives an opportunity to tackle alcohol problems in prisoners, with the potential for positive effects on their families and friends and a reduction in the risk of re-offending, the costs to society and health inequalities. This publication describes an integrated model of care for alcohol problems in prisoners, with elements for best practice. The model starts with assessment of the seriousness of prisoners’ alcohol problems, using a validated screening tool, the WHO Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and calls for interventions tailored to prisoners’ specific needs. Details: Copenhagen: World Health Organization for Europe, 2012. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/181068/e96751-ver-2.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/181068/e96751-ver-2.pdf Shelf Number: 127361 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsPrisoners |
Author: Trifonoff, Allan Title: Liquor Licensing Legislation in Australia: A Jurisdictional Breakdown Summary: This document, Liquor Licensing Legislation in Australia: A Jurisdictional Breakdown, examines liquor licensing legislation and arrangements in Australian jurisdictions. Part 1 presents the background and introduction to the project, the methodology, findings of the literature review, and a summary of the legislation and associated structures in each Australian jurisdiction. The major findings from the consultations with police personnel are presented in Part 3. The aim of the project was to review the enforcement provisions in the liquor licensing legislation of all Australian states and territories. A national review was undertaken to identify the key features of Australia’s diverse liquor licensing legislation. In addition, these issues were examined from a law enforcement perspective. The objectives of the project were to: - identify the key features of liquor licensing legislation in each state and territory - identify examples of good practice in relation to the drafting and operation of liquor licensing legislation - identify the perspectives and needs of law enforcement personnel in relation to liquor legislation to ensure that they are able to adequately perform their role in preventing and reducing alcohol-related crime and associated harms - examine and recommend improvements to liquor licensing legislation across all Australian jurisdictions. The project was designed to provide an insight into the perspectives of a range of stakeholders, especially police, concerning the capacity of existing liquor licensing legislation and associated administrative and judicial structures to reduce acute harms associated with alcohol consumption in Australia. Details: Adelaide : National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, 2012. 111p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 13, 2013 at: http://nceta.flinders.edu.au/files/2613/5226/7674/EN457_LLReport2.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://nceta.flinders.edu.au/files/2613/5226/7674/EN457_LLReport2.pdf Shelf Number: 127604 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderLiquor Laws (Australia) |
Author: Bieler, Sam Title: Addressing Violence and Disorder around Alcohol Outlets Summary: There is a substantial literature around violence and alcohol outlets. Roman et al. (2008) studied block groups in Washington, DC and found that increased densities of on-and off-premise liquor outlets increase disorder and violence, but that each type of outlet affects only a specific kind of violence: the presence of on-premise alcohol outlets predict increases in aggravated assault, while off-premise outlets predict increases in domestic violence. In response to violence and disorder, particularly around on-premise alcohol outlets, effective programs have been developed to address this problem by combining several strategies. The common thread between these policies is that each addresses at least one of the five key factors contributing to assault, social disorder, and domestic violence in or closely linked to entertainment districts: the availability of alcohol, the time of day at which drinking takes place, the protective or risk-creating physical factors of the area, the social and legal fabric of the neighborhood, and the presence of motivated offenders. This report summarizes the literature on the effectiveness of interventions targeting these five key factors. Details: Washington, DC: District of Columbia Crime Policy Institute, Urban Institute, 2013. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 21, 2013 at: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412735-Addressing-Violence-and-Disorder-around-Alcohol-Outlets.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412735-Addressing-Violence-and-Disorder-around-Alcohol-Outlets.pdf Shelf Number: 127654 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderLiquor Outlets and Violence |
Author: Manning, Matthew Title: The Societal Costs of Alcohol Misuse in Australia Summary: | It is well documented that alcohol-related problems compromise individual and social health, and wellbeing. The individual harms are numerous, including premature death, loss of enjoyment and loss of social utility through fear of crime and victimisation. The misuse of alcohol, particularly among those most at risk in our community, presents a major challenge for all levels of government. In this paper, a study is presented that provides a better national-level estimate of the costs of alcohol-related problems in Australia. Despite taking a conservative estimate, the aggregate of a range of societal costs substantially outweighs the tax revenue for the Commonwealth generated from the sale of alcohol. Results of this study provide evidence to policymakers regarding costs to the criminal justice system, costs to the health system, costs resulting from lost productivity and costs related to alcohol-related road accidents. Such evidence will provide an understanding of the economic tradeoffs that are present when making decisions that affect all Australians. Proposals are provided in the conclusion for a greater investment in prevention, based on the sound evaluation of prevention and diversion strategies by comparison with treatment options, in order to ensure better investments for the nation. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, April 2013. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 454: Accessed April 6, 2013 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/441-460/tandi454.html Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/441-460/tandi454.html Shelf Number: 128300 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholism (Australia)Costs of Crime |
Author: Van Hout, Marie Claire Title: A Rapid Assessment Research (RAR) of Drug and Alcohol Related Public Nuisance in Dublin City Centre Summary: The research aimed to assemble an evidence base around perceived anti-social behaviour associated with the provision of drug treatment in Dublin’s city centre, upon which to build a strategic response incorporating short/medium/long term goals and actions within the area. It will be used to guide discussions on how to reduce visibility of drug related public nuisance, improve public perceptions of safety in the area and provide comprehensive, safe, effective and appropriate treatment services within a series of short, medium and long-term strategies. Methods employed The RAR method combined various research methods and data sources in order to construct an overview of the problem by cross-checking and comparing the information from several different sources, which included the following; 1. A critical review of literature using the following inclusive search terms: anti-social behaviour, public nuisance, open drug scenes, public place injecting, intimidation, drug related litter, situation crime prevention, policing, community activism, urban regeneration and drug mandated treatment from the period 1998 to 2012 and using several electronic databases (Google Scholar, Ebsco Host, Science Direct, PubMed). 2. PULSE data for the research area was analysed and provided by An Garda Siochana. 3. A mapping exercise inclusive of an environmental visual assessment using digital photographs to view the geographical distribution of drug and alcohol related public nuisance was undertaken to assess levels of ‘hotspots’ for public nuisance, anti-social drug and alcohol using congregations, drug related littering, alcohol retail outlets and placement of drug treatment, housing, policing and community services in the area. 4. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with business and transport stakeholders (n=19), community, voluntary and statutory stakeholders (n=19), and service users (n=23). 5. Random street intercept surveys were conducted with passers-by (n=25) and with drug users (n=26). The chosen methodologies are essentially concerned with participant experiences of anti-social behaviour in this research area, types of behaviours recorded and opinions around potential strategic response. Data was collected over a four-week period in November and December 2011 and January 2012 by an experienced Privileged Access Interviewer [PAI]. Details: Dublin: Strategic Response Group, 2012. 187p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 16, 2013 at: http://inef.ie/documents/SRG%20Research%20report%20final%20Dec%202012(Final).pdf Year: 2012 Country: Ireland URL: http://inef.ie/documents/SRG%20Research%20report%20final%20Dec%202012(Final).pdf Shelf Number: 128385 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAntisocial BehaviorDisorderly ConductDrug Related Crime, DisorderNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic Order Management |
Author: Toomey, Traci L. Title: The Association between Density of Alcohol Establishments and Violent Crime within Urban Neighborhoods Summary: Background. Numerous studies have found that areas with higher alcohol establishment density are more likely to have higher violent crime rates but most of these studies did not assess the differential effects of type of establishments or the effects on multiple categories of crime. In this study, we assess whether alcohol establishment density is associated with four categories of violent crime, and whether the strength of the associations varies by type of violent crime and by on-premise establishments (e.g., bars, restaurants) versus off-premise establishments (e.g., liquor and convenience stores). Methods. Data come from the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota in 2009 and were aggregated and analyzed at the neighborhood level. Across the 83 neighborhoods in Minneapolis, we examined four categories of violent crime: assault, rape, robbery, and total violent crime. We used a Bayesian hierarchical inference approach to model the data, accounting for spatial auto-correlation and controlling for relevant neighborhood demographics. Models were estimated for total alcohol establishment density as well as separately for on-premise establishments and off-premise establishments. Results. Positive, statistically significant associations were observed for total alcohol establishment density and each of the violent crime outcomes. We estimate that a 3.9% to 4.3%. increase across crime categories would result from a 20% increase in neighborhood establishment density. The associations between on-premise density and each of the individual violent crime outcomes were also all positive and significant and similar in strength as for total establishment density. The relationships between off-premise density and the crime outcomes were all positive but not significant for rape or total violent crime, and the strength of the associations was weaker than those for total and on-premise density. Conclusions. Results of this study, combined with earlier findings, provide more evidence that community leaders should be cautious about increasing the density of alcohol establishments within their neighborhoods. Details: Minneapolis, MN: School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 2012. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 1, 2013 at: http://www.sph.umn.edu/faculty1/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/rr2011-019.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.sph.umn.edu/faculty1/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/rr2011-019.pdf Shelf Number: 128590 Keywords: Alcohol OutletsAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderNeighborhoods and CrimeUrban AreasViolent Crime |
Author: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (U.K.) Title: Alcohol-Use Disorders: Preventing Harmful Drinking. Costing Report: Implementing NICE Guidance Summary: This costing report looks at the costs associated with alcohol-use disorders for the following: healthcare crime and antisocial behaviour employee absence potential savings achievable by preventing hazardous and harmful drinking. It uses the most accurate data available and was produced in conjunction with the technical team at NICE and consulted on with external experts. Details: London: NICE, 2010. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 3, 2013: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13001/49071/49071.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13001/49071/49071.pdf Shelf Number: 128616 Keywords: Alchol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderCost-Benefit Analysis |
Author: Iakobishvili, Eka Title: Inflicting Harm: Judicial corporal punishment for Drug and Alcohol Offences in Selected Countries Summary: Thousands of drug users and alchohol consumers - and people found in possession of small amounts of drugs and alcohol - are subjected to judicially - sanctioned caning, flogging, lashing, or whipping each year. In a landmark study, released by Harm Reduction International in Malaysia recently, it has been found that over forty states apply some type of judicial corporal punishment for drug and alcohol offences. The vast majority of these sentences are handed down in countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Iran and Saudi Arabia. The reports states that state-sanctioned violence such as this is in clear violation of international law. The use of caning, flogging, lashing and whipping is in direct violation of international law that prohibits the use of corporal punishment. UN human rights monitors have expressed their concern number of times about the legislation in various countries that allow law enforcement to inflict these types of cruel, inhumane and degrading punishments. Judicial corporal punishment is practiced in countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Iran, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Libya, Brunei, Darussalam, Maldives, Indonesia (Aceh) and Nigeria (northern states) and many more. Details: London: Harm Reduction International, 2011. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2013 at: http://www.ihra.net/files/2011/11/08/IHRA_CorporalPunishmentReport_Web.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.ihra.net/files/2011/11/08/IHRA_CorporalPunishmentReport_Web.pdf Shelf Number: 129208 Keywords: Alcohol OffensesAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderCorporal Punishment (International)Drug OffensesPunishment |
Author: Carns, Teresa White Title: Recidivism in Alaska’s Felony Therapeutic Courts Summary: The Alaska Judicial Council found that graduates of the Anchorage Felony Driving Under the Influence, Anchorage Felony Drug, and Bethel Therapeutic Courts were rearrested and re-convicted far less frequently than comparison offenders. The Council followed graduates for one year after they completed their program and tracked comparison offenders for one year after they were released from serving their sentence. Therapeutic court graduates were also re-arrested far less frequently than a baseline sample of Alaskan offenders charged with felonies in 1999, discussed in the Council’s January 2007 report, Criminal Recidivism in Alaska. Findings included: • The longer the participants stayed in the program, the less likely they were to recidivate even if they did not graduate. • 54% of the participants in these project graduated. • 13% of graduates were re-arrested within one year after completing a therapeutic court program compared to a 32% re-arrest rate for comparison offenders and a 38% re-arrest rate for offenders charged with felonies in 1999. • Participants who were discharged from the programs or who left voluntarily had about the same rate of recidivism as the offenders charged with felonies in 1999. • Older participants were less likely to be re-arrested than younger participants. • Participants in the Anchorage Felony DUI Court were less likely to be re-arrested than those in the Anchorage Felony Drug Court and the Bethel Therapeutic Court. • No participants in the programs who were re-convicted within the first year were convicted of an offense at a more serious level than the one on which they entered the therapeutic courts. None were convicted of a Drug or Sexual offense. In contrast, 3% of the comparison offenders were convicted of offenses at a more serious level. In the Council’s companion report on recidivism among 1999 offenders, about 15% of most types of offenders were convicted of offenses at a more serious level. • Native participants responded as well to the therapeutic court programs as did Caucasian participants. Blacks and other ethnicities did not do as well as Caucasian participants. • The Council recommended that the state should develop further information about the costs and benefits of therapeutic court programs; should explore the reasons for the relative success of Native participants in the programs; and should determine why ethnic groups other than Natives and Caucasians did not do as well in the programs. Details: Anchorage: Alaska Judicial Council, 2007. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 1, 2013 at: http://www.ajc.state.ak.us/reports/recidtherct07.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: http://www.ajc.state.ak.us/reports/recidtherct07.pdf Shelf Number: 129227 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCourts (Alaska, U.S.)Driving Under the InfluenceDrunk DrivingFelony Therapeutic CourtsRecidivism |
Author: Russell, Nina Title: A Review of the Associations between Drugs (including Alcohol) and Sexual Violence. Literature Review Report Summary: Most New Zealand adults drink occasionally, and whilst many drink in moderation, New Zealand is recognized as having a drinking culture which supports and condones the excessive consumption of alcohol. After alcohol and tobacco, marijuana is the most commonly used recreational drug in New Zealand. Most illicit drugs (with the exception of marijuana) are only used regularly by a very small percentage of the New Zealand. Young males are more likely to take drugs, drink more often and in greater amounts than other groups in New Zealand. The overall aim of the literature review is to report the associations between alcohol and drugs and sexual violence, including how incidents of sexual violence that involve alcohol and/or drugs are treated within the justice system and by the media. Details: Wellington, NZ: Department of Justice, 2008. 71p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2013 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/policy/supporting-victims/taskforce-for-action-on-sexual-violence/documents/A%20Review%20of%20the%20Associations%20between%20Drugs%20-including%20Alcohol-%20and%20Sexual%20Violence.pdf Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.justice.govt.nz/policy/supporting-victims/taskforce-for-action-on-sexual-violence/documents/A%20Review%20of%20the%20Associations%20between%20Drugs%20-including%20Alcohol-%20and%20Sexual%20Violence.pdf Shelf Number: 129524 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrug Abuse and CrimeSexual Violence |
Author: New South Wales. Audit Office Title: Cost of Alcohol Abuse to the NSW Government: Performance Audit Summary: While most people consume alcohol responsibly, there is a large group that consumes it at levels that present a risk of harm. Excessive alcohol consumption can cause physical, emotional and social problems. These include violence, liver disease, brain injury, and family and relationship problems. Government agencies devote much time and effort to reduce the harm caused by alcohol abuse. This ranges from proactive policing of alcohol hotspots to alcohol treatment services. The government has recently introduced specific initiatives to reduce the impact of alcohol abuse on the community. These include: - a new intoxicated and disorderly offence - 'three-strikes' laws for licensees or managers of licensed premises convicted of serious offences under the Liquor Act 2007 - management plans for problem areas like Kings Cross - a trial of sobering up centres. These activities and initiatives come at a considerable cost to the State. This audit assessed whether the NSW Government knows the costs incurred by State agencies as a result of alcohol abuse. We asked whether: - the NSW Government effectively monitors the cost of alcohol abuse so it can resource public services to address it - the NSW Government publicly reports the cost of alcohol abuse to inform the community of its impact on public services. For the purposes of this audit, 'alcohol abuse' means: - drinking at levels that are likely to cause significant injury or ill health, and - where drinking has led to a government intervention or response. A range of key performance indicators show that, in general, alcohol-related incidents are declining. For example, alcohol-related assaults have decreased 23 per cent since 2008. This is a good result which may be due to proactive policing, changes to licensing laws, public education campaigns, and a range of other government initiatives. Nevertheless, alcohol abuse remains a significant burden to both society and government. To design an effective response the government must know the extent of the problem and what it is costing to limit its harm. Therefore it is important for government to have good data on alcohol abuse including the cost to its services and to society. The community also has a right to know this information so it can inform public debate on drunkenness and the best ways to combat it. Details: Sydney: Audit Office of New South Wales, 2013. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 11, 2013 at: https://www.audit.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/281/01_Cost_of_alcohol_abuse_NSW_Government_Full_Report.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: https://www.audit.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/281/01_Cost_of_alcohol_abuse_NSW_Government_Full_Report.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y Shelf Number: 131630 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsCosts of CrimeDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Birdwell, Jonathan Title: Sobering Up Summary: Britain has a complicated relationship with alcohol. Despite the tabloid hysteria, the evidence shows that overall we are drinking less than we were a decade ago. At the same time, it is clear that some communities suffer from severe problems related to underage drinking, the harms of binge drinking and dependent street drinkers. The Government has not brought forward a strong national policy and in its absence, local authorities and Health and Wellbeing Boards who hold responsibility for public health will now lead the way. Sobering Up investigates what is already happening in communities across the UK and highlights best practice in the hope it will become wider spread. The research looks particularly at the role of shops and incorporates the views of local councillors, council officers, public health representatives, police, trading standards, alcohol support charities and shop owners and workers. It also includes case study areas - Blackpool, Ipswich, Manchester, and Kent - chosen for their mix of alcohol-related problems, as well as their geographical and demographic range. The report argues that each problem, in each community, is different and should be treated as such. However, some examples of best practice stand out. It recommends tackling the growing problem of proxy-purchasing through greater community policing of the offence and tougher punishments for those caught, and that city centres troubled by binge-drinking should do more to restrict access to those already very drunk. It also advocates more local partnerships to ensure local authorities, police and retailers are joined up - and that real effort is made to engage small retailers as well as the large chain retailers. Each of these measures could make a real contribution to tackling the alcohol-related harms that Britain still faces. Details: London: Demos, 2013. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 4, 2013 at: http://www.demos.co.uk/files/DEMOS_sobering_up_report.pdf?1385061889 Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.demos.co.uk/files/DEMOS_sobering_up_report.pdf?1385061889 Shelf Number: 131741 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderBinge Drinking |
Author: Reid, Mike Title: Drinking-related lifestyle influences on Victorians' alcohol consumption. Quantitative Research Report Summary: Alcohol is a major part of the cultural fabric of many western countries and often plays an integral role in many people's social lives. The significant impact of social and health problems associated with excessive alcohol consumption, both at a personal and societal level, have become a central focus of governments. Victorian culture has a high tolerance for alcohol consumption and an acceptance of heavy drinking across an extensive range of social contexts. Drinking is inextricably linked with the cultural and social life of Victorians; it is multifaceted and entrenched in nearly every area of our lives, with rituals and habits providing structure, comfort and a sense of belonging. While understanding single-act behaviours such as binge drinking is important, arguably more important is understanding the deeper lifestyle-related connections to alcohol consumption and how lifestyle and culture can shape problem drinking and associated behaviours. Similarly, there needs to be a focus on alcohol consumption and problem drinking amongst the broader population as well as an understanding of specific sub-cultures and population groups such as youth. This research adopts and implements a drinking-related lifestyle (DRL) framework to understand and determine how best to target and influence specific Victorian drinker segments through improved media- and message-based activities about reducing alcohol consumption. Overall, the aims of this report are to: 1. implement a DRL framework and profile drinker types based on a means-end chain approach incorporating values, lifestyle and behavioural similarities 2. examine identified segments and model each to understand the values and lifestyle drivers of drinking styles and behaviour that are similar and unique to particular segments 3. extend alcohol drinking segment profiles to include traditional, electronic and social media preferences to better target communications (channels and messages) including word-of-mouth strategies. 5 Details: Melbourne: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, 2013. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 24, 2014 at: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/alcohol%20misuse/Drinking-Related-Lifestyles/RMIT-DRL_Quantitative%20Report.ashx Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 131793 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Reid, Mike Title: Drinking-related lifestyles: exploring the role of alcohol in Victorians' lives. Qualitative research report Summary: Australian culture has a high tolerance for alcohol consumption and an acceptance for heavy drinking across an extensive range of social contexts. Drinking is embedded in Australian culture; it is multifaceted and entrenched in many aspects of our lives, with rituals and habits providing structure, comfort and generating a sense of belonging. Our drinking culture is even manifest in established drinking language, in which those who drink to excess are celebrated and moderate or non-drinkers are negatively labelled. Our drinking behaviour is continually reinforced by our culture and, in turn, our culture is reinforced by our drinking behaviour. Whether we're celebrating, socialising, networking, relaxing, commiserating or rewarding ourselves, alcohol plays an integral role. Drinking is expected to be part of almost all social events, but more concerning is the acceptance of excessive drinking at many of these occasions. Both family and friends influence our drinking behaviour. It is when socialising with others that our drinking is most likely to become excessive. The encouragement and pressure (both subtle and overt) from others to 'join in the drinking' is powerful. To join in is to join the group, join the fun, join the ritual and join the tribe. The power of this pressure is extraordinary. While the risks of heavy drinking are readily recognised, few people are willing to accept that this drinking behaviour is problematic. There are few effective incentives to encourage a more moderate approach and even fewer socially acceptable 'excuses' to drink less. Social benefits of drinking (to excess) far outweigh any perceived likely negative outcomes. Given the highly positive, habitual and social nature of our attitudes, changing behaviours will be particularly challenging. Details: Melbourne: Victoria Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth), 2013. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 28, 2014 at: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/alcohol%20misuse/Drinking-Related-Lifestyles/RMIT-DRL_Qualitative%20Report.ashx Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/alcohol%20misuse/Drinking-Related-Lifestyles/RMIT-DRL_Qualitative%20Report.ashx Shelf Number: 131792 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Rabinovich, Lila Title: Reducing Alcohol Harm: International Benchmark Summary: The National Audit Office (NAO) of the United Kingdom commissioned RAND Europe to examine the structure and effectiveness of healthcare interventions aimed at preventing and reducing alcohol harm in a selected number of countries. The countries selected were Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and the United States. The objective of the research is to inform the work of the NAO in the area of the prevention and reduction of alcohol harm in healthcare interventions in England. Through this research, the NAO aims to understand the effectiveness of the interventions used in England and identify interesting and effective practices in other countries that could be transferable to the English context and inform the country's alcohol strategy. This report contains four main sections. In Chapter 2, this report sets out the main international statistics on alcohol harm, including comparative data on alcohol consumption, the prevalence of heavy and binge drinking, and data on alcohol-related mortality and morbidity. In Chapter 3, the study describes the main features of the healthcare systems and strategies of the selected countries. In Chapters 4 and 5, the report describes international evidence of the effectiveness of healthcare and non-healthcare interventions aimed at alcohol harm, respectively. In order to come to the conclusions in this report, we used a document review of the available information on the organization of the healthcare system and interventions aimed at alcohol harm in the selected countries; analysed the data on alcohol harm; and reviewed the international evidence on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing alcohol harm. We also undertook telephone interviews and e-mail exchanges with a variety of experts in the area of alcohol harm in the selected countries. This report is likely to be of interest to other Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI), public health officials, and officials and academics involved in alcohol policy and strategy. Details: Cambridge, MA: RAND Europe, 2008. 94p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 17, 2014 at: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2008/RAND_TR592.pdf Year: 2008 Country: International URL: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2008/RAND_TR592.pdf Shelf Number: 131941 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsDrunk and DisorderlyHealth CareInterventions |
Author: Ubido, Janet Title: Prevention Programmes Cost-Effectiveness Review: Alcohol Summary: Alcohol harm cost the NHS $2.7 billion in 2006/07 (DH, 2008). Hospital inpatient and day visits are the greatest expense (1,190 million), followed by Accident and Emergency (A&E) visits (645.7 million) and ambulance services (372.4 million). NICE estimate that alcohol-related disease accounts for 1 in 26 NHS bed days nationally, and up to 40% of all A&E admissions nationally are thought to be alcohol related (HDA, 2005). Alcohol-related hospital admission rates are strongly associated with deprivation, with higher rates in more deprived local authorities (Morleo et al, 2010). The North West has six out of the top ten local authority areas with the highest rates of hospital admissions for alcohol related harm in people aged sixteen or over (NWPHO, 2010). The review: This cost effectiveness review on alcohol presents evidence on interventions at three levels: - primary prevention (including education programmes); - secondary prevention, to detect the early stages of alcohol misuse (e.g. screening and brief interventions) and - tertiary prevention, including prevention or minimisation of relapse The review does not cover drug treatments when used exclusively, or surgical interventions. Direct NHS interventions, such as screening for alcohol harm in primary care, and indirect NHS interventions, including lobbying the government for a minimum unit price for alcohol, are included. Details: Liverpool: Liverpool Public Health Observatory, University of Liverpool, 2010. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Observatory Report Series, number 84 Cost effectiveness review series, number 2: Accessed March 20, 2014 at: http://www.liv.ac.uk/media/livacuk/instituteofpsychology/publichealthobservatory/84_alcohol_cost_effectiveness_FOR_WEBSITE.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.liv.ac.uk/media/livacuk/instituteofpsychology/publichealthobservatory/84_alcohol_cost_effectiveness_FOR_WEBSITE.pdf Shelf Number: 131993 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismCost-Benefit Analysis |
Author: Cussen, Tracy Title: Policing Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in Matropolitan Environments Summary: Policing affords many opportunities for individual officers and police services to improve outcomes for community members and reduce the burden of substance misuse on the community. Key points highlighted concerning metropolitan areas include: ◾A broad spectrum of services is available (albeit acknowledged to often be under-resourced), providing police with a range of referral points for and information sources about local area issues. ◾Service providers and other agencies may also be variously accountable for public safety. Police may develop partnerships with these agencies, ensuring that tight resources can be appropriately directed to meet community needs. Service providers can help police to better understand the complex life circumstances of individuals affected by alcohol and other drugs. Benefits of information exchanges can be twofold i.e. improved police confidence in handling complex situations; and increased awareness within the service sector of the range of tasks and behaviours police are expected to perform and manage. Details: Canberra: National Drug Enforcement Research Fund (NDLERF), 2014. 120p. Source: Internet Resource: Monograph Series No. 48: Accessed March 28, 2014 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph48.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph48.pdf Shelf Number: 132015 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDrunk and DisorderlyIllicit Drugs |
Author: Calafat, Amador Title: Lifestyles and Drugs: Prevention Interventions in Recreational Settings Summary: The publication seeks to explore a range of possible drug misuse prevention activities that could be delivered to young people and families during their holidays as well as in the recreational settings, and provide examples of innovative drug misuse prevention activities in holiday and leisure time settings. There are many economic, social and cultural advantages of national and international tourism and the problems addressed in this publication are far outweighed by the benefits. Nevertheless, there is a need to pool together successful experience from different localities in order to tackle problems related to misuse of drugs during holidays and in leisure settings. Certainly, big differences exist in the possibilities for responses available to different localities and settings - depending on resources available, extent of control (for example, licensing of premises for serving alcohol), local laws and traditions (e.g. laws and customs relating to cannabis possession and consumption) and the national contexts. The present publication will attempt to provide the readers with detailed examples of practice to illustrate the general principles which could be applied in most settings including: - understanding the issue through research, data collection and analysis, - involving the local community in developing solutions, - intelligent policing, - creating safer environments through planning and design, - working with local businesses to discuss issues and find solutions, - transport development, - providing alternatives to substance misuse, - working with and by the country of tourists' origin. Details: Strasbourg: Pompidou Group, Council of Europe, 2010. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: P-PG/Prev (2010) 7: Accessed March 28, 2014 at: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/pompidou/Source/Files/minconf/P-PG-PREV-2010-7-en.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/pompidou/Source/Files/minconf/P-PG-PREV-2010-7-en.pdf Shelf Number: 132016 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrug AbuseDrug Abuse PreventionDrunk and DisorderlyNuisance Behaviors and DisordersTourists |
Author: Cherpitel, Cheryl J. Title: Prevention of Alcohol-Related Injuries in the Americas: From Evidence to Police Action Summary: This edited volume on alcohol and injuries provides an overview of the burden of alcohol in injuries in the Americas plus research and policy perspectives of the current state of knowledge on alcohols association with injuries, based on emergency room (ER) studies in the region. These include studies conducted in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and the United States, over a number of years, using the same methodology and protocol (including probability sampling of injured patients). Therefore, the samples drawn from individual ERs can be considered representative of that ER. While alcohol is known to be highly associated with injury, studies in the Americas are relatively few and the magnitude and diversity of the association across country contexts has not been explored. This book focuses on epidemiologic evidence from ER studies in the region, including those recently supported by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in five countries, and addresses issues related to ongoing surveillance, intervention, prevention, and policy strategies aimed at reducing alcohol-related injury. This book is the first to focus on alcohol and injuries in the Americas, and draws on contributions from multiple researchers in the region with broad and long-term experience in this field of study. The terms emergency room (ER) and emergency department (ED) are used interchangeably throughout the book to refer to facilities that treat injuries of all levels of severity, as opposed to trauma centers, which are based within emergency service departments in the United States, and only treat the most severe injuries. The first section of the book provides an overview of alcohol consumption in the region and the role of fatal and nonfatal injuries in the burden of alcohol-related diseases. Alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking resulting in harmful outcomes, including injury, are discussed, as well as the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) estimates of the burden of injuries attributable to alcohol (from the 2010 Comparative Risk Assessment) compared to those for 1990, by gender. Alcohols role in violence-related injuries and those resulting from traffic crashes, which together are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the region, is also highlighted. The second section of the book addresses the epidemiological evidence of alcohols association with injury in the region, based on ER studies. Following a review of the literature on ER studies conducted in the Americas, a description is provided of the methodology used in these studies, and a recent study is highlighted as one example of the diverse political and health services contexts across these studies. Prevalence of alcohol-related injury is reported across countries by cause of injury, along with differences in alcohol-related injury by country-level contextual variables, including income, societal drinking patterns, and alcohol control policies. Relative risk of injury is estimated by cause of injury and amount of alcohol consumed prior to the injury event, and the alcohol-attributable fraction (AAF) is calculated, taking into account country-level drinking pattern and alcohol policy. Differences in the context of drinking and injury are examined across countries in relation to the number and type of alcoholic beverages consumed, and demographic predictors of alcohol-related injury are analyzed by country income level. Drinking pattern as a predictor of alcohol-related injury is also examined, taking into account individual usual volume of consumption and aggregate-level volume, pattern, and alcohol policy measures. The third section of the book focuses on identification of alcohol-related injury in the ER and intervention and policy strategies. Surveillance of alcohol-related injuries is discussed, along with assessment of alcohol intoxication based on blood alcohol concentration (BAC), using the ICD-101 Y90 codes, compared to clinical assessment, using the ICD-10 Y91 codes. Strategies to prevent alcohol- related injury targeted to high-risk products, settings, and populations are also discussed, along with implementation of screening and brief intervention (BI) in the ER setting. The volume concludes with a discussion of implementation and enforcement of various alcohol policies aimed at reducing the public health impact of alcohol-related injuries in the Americas, including their prevention and management, in concordance with WHO global strategy for reducing the harmful use of alcohol. Details: Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization; World Health Organization, National Office for the Americas, 2013. 200p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 29, 2014 at: www.paho.org Year: 2013 Country: South America URL: www.paho.org Shelf Number: 132025 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrunk and DisorderlyInjuries |
Author: Averett, Susan Title: Identitying the Causal Effect of Alcohol Abuse on the Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence by Men Using a Natural Experiment Summary: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is widespread among women, with substantial and long-lasting negative consequences. Researchers have documented a strong positive correlation between alcohol abuse and IPV. Yet prior researchers have struggled with the problem of the potential endogeneity of alcohol abuse.In this paper, we deal with this problem by exploring a unique instrumental variable - the September 11 terrorist attack (9/11) - in Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. 9/11 was found in our data to lead to a significant increase in the frequency of alcohol abuse for respondents interviewed just after 9/11 compared to those interviewed before. Our OLS results indeed confirm earlier research of a strong positive correlation between alcohol abuse and IPV. However, the 2SLS results show no statistically significant effect of alcohol abuse on IPV. These results indicate that alcohol abuse might not have causal effects on IPV, and therefore have important policy implications. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2014. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA Discussion Paper No. 7996: Accessed April 21, 2014 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2403132 Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 132101 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderIntimate Partner Violence |
Author: Johnson, Holly Title: Building Prevention: Sexual Violence, Youth and Drinking Summary: This report is the outcome of an Ottawa-based study that explores the connections between sexual violence and drinking among young people. Along with a review of programs aiming to reduce alcohol-related sexual violence, this study profiles some Ottawa-based prevention programs, and presents the results of focus group discussions with local service providers, youth workers, and young women and men recruited from high schools and universities. The objective of this project is to stimulate broader discussion about prevention strategies for the Ottawa community. Effective sexual violence prevention requires an understanding of the context in which it is most likely to occur. Young women experience the highest rates of sexual violence and young men are most often the perpetrators. Most sexual violence takes place between people who know each other, typically in the context of social events such as parties and bars or in dating situations. Alcohol is so common in sexual violence that it is considered by many to be the "date rape drug". A study of women using sexual assault treatment centres in Ontario found that two-thirds had consumed alcohol immediately prior to the assault and 21% (25% in Ottawa) were thought to have been drugged (Du Mont et al., 2009). In fact, alcohol is often used as a deliberate strategy to increase the vulnerability of victims and to reduce resistance to sexual violence. Very often young men receive approval from friends to use these tactics. In one study in the United States, one-third of male university students said their friends approve of getting a woman drunk to have sex with her (Carr & Van Deusen, 2004). When alcohol is involved, a societal double standard arises. Intoxicated women are held responsible for their own victimization whereas intoxication is considered to reduce the responsibility of male perpetrators. Thus, although alcohol is not a direct cause of sexual violence, alcohol adds a particular complexity to the topic of sexual violence prevention. Details: Ottawa: Crime Prevention Ottawa, 2011. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 23, 2014 at: http://www.crimepreventionottawa.ca/uploads/files/publications/bullding_prevention_final_report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: http://www.crimepreventionottawa.ca/uploads/files/publications/bullding_prevention_final_report.pdf Shelf Number: 132152 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDate RapeSexual AssaultSexual Violence |
Author: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Title: Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Contexts, Data Summary: The Global Study on Homicide 2013 seeks to shed light on the worst of crimes - the intentional killing of one human being by another. Beyond resulting in the deaths of nearly half a million people in 2012, this form of violent crime has a broad impact on security - and the perception of security - across all societies. This study, which builds on the ground-breaking work of UNODC's first Global Study on Homicide in 2011, is particularly timely as the international community is engaged in defining the post-2015 development agenda. As United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon has made clear, development progress cannot be achieved or sustained amid violence, insecurity and injustice. By improving understanding of the underlying patterns and trends related to different forms, settings and risk factors of homicide at the global, regional, national and sub-national levels, this study can be a strategic tool in supporting governments' efforts to address root causes and enhance criminal justice responses. Alongside intentional homicide related to other criminal activities and socio-political agendas, the study examines homicide related to interpersonal conflict, which includes homicides perpetrated by intimate partners or family members. Unlike other forms of homicide, which vary significantly across regions and from year to year, intimate partner and family-related homicide remains persistent and prevalent. While the vast majority of global homicide victims are men, it is overwhelmingly women who die at the hands of their intimate partners or family members. Normative standards for improving criminal justice responses to eliminate violence against women have been agreed by all United Nations Member States; clearly more must be done to improve States' capacities to effectively prevent, investigate, prosecute and punish all forms of violence against women. With regard to different settings in which lethal violence occurs, the study indicates that homicide and violence in countries emerging from conflict can become concurrent contributors to instability and insecurity. If we want to build peace, interventions must address not only the conflict itself but also surges in homicide resulting from organized crime and interpersonal violence, which can flourish in settings with weak rule of law. Specific risk factors such as alcohol and drug use and the availability of weapons are also examined in the study in order to improve understanding of how they shape patterns and prevalence of lethal violence. Deeper understanding of these enablers can inform and enhance policies aimed at preventing intentional homicides from happening in the first place. Ultimately, efforts to prevent unlawful homicide will not be effective unless governments and the international community address those who are most at risk, of both offending or becoming a victim of homicide. More than half of all global homicide victims are under 30 years of age. Much of this violence takes place in urban areas. Effective policies and strategies must not only target at-risk young people but involve them and local communities to work together to break the cycle of violence. Details: Vienna: UNODC, 2014. 155p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 6, 2014 at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf Year: 2014 Country: International URL: http://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf Shelf Number: 132257 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCrime StatisticsDrug Abuse and CrimeHomicidesInterpersonal ViolenceMurdersOrganized CrimeViolent Crime |
Author: Lundholm, Lena Title: Substance Use and Violence: Influence of Alcohol, Illicit Drugs and Anabolic Steroids on Violent Crime and Self-directed Summary: Interpersonal violence and suicide are major health concerns, leading to premature death, extensive human suffering and staggering monetary costs. Although violent behaviour has multiple causes, it is well known that acute substance intake and abuse increase the risks of both interpersonal and self-directed violence. This association is quite well established for alcohol, while a more ambiguous literature exists for other common drugs of abuse. For example, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), synthetic analogues to the "male" sex hormone testosterone are suggested to elicit violent and aggressive behaviour. Two studies (I and III) in the present thesis addressed the association between AAS use and being suspected or convicted of a violent crime among remand prisoners and in a general population sample, respectively. Further, using the case-crossover design to control for confounders stable within individuals, I also investigated the triggering (short-term risk) effect of alcohol and drugs such as benzodiazepines and AAS, on violent crime (Study II). Finally, a fourth study (IV) based on a large national forensic sample of suicide completers (n=18,894) examined the risk of using a violent, more lethal, suicide method, when under acute influence of alcohol, central stimulants or cannabis. The results of this thesis suggested that AAS use in itself is not a proximal risk factor for violent crime; the observed risk is probably due to the co-occurrence of abuse of other substances. Alcohol is a strong triggering risk factor for violent crime, constant across males and females as well as individuals with or without behavioral and psychiatric vulnerability. Intake of high doses of benzodiazepines is associated with an increased risk for violent crime. Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of using the lethal suicide method of jumping from a height. I conclude that mapping substance abuse patterns may inform violence risk assessment and treatment planning. Details: Uppsala: Uppsala University, 2013. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 8, 2014 at: http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:601819/FULLTEXT01.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Sweden URL: http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:601819/FULLTEXT01.pdf Shelf Number: 132287 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrug Abuse and CrimeSubstance AbuseSuicideViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Duffy, John C. Title: Punishing the Majority: The Flawed Theory Behind Alcohol Control Policies Summary: Alcohol policy in Britain and many other countries aims to reduce per capita alcohol consumption in the belief that this will inevitably reduce heavy and harmful drinking. The cornerstone policies of this approach are advertising bans, licensing restrictions and higher taxes. - Campaigners cite the 'Total Consumption Model' as justification for implementing policies that affect all drinkers, rather than just the heavy drinking minority. The theory was devised in the 1950s based on a statistical correlation between average alcohol consumption and rates of harmful drinking. - As researchers have long recognised, this theory is deeply flawed and has little predictive power. Per capita alcohol consumption largely depends on the amount of heavy drinking in a population, not vice versa. The mathematical model is simply wrong. Numerous real world examples, including the UK in recent years, show that alcohol-related harm does not necessarily correlate with overall alcohol consumption. - Empirical evidence supports neither the Total Consumption Model nor the policies upon which it is based. These policies bear costs on moderate drinkers while being largely ignored by at-risk drinkers. - Alcohol policy would be more effective and equitable if it targeted excessive drinkers, alcoholics and those who require help, rather than the whole population. Details: London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2014. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: IEA Current Controversies Paper no. 49: Accessed June 20, 2014 at: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/IEA%20Punishing%20the%20majority%20EMBARGOED.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/IEA%20Punishing%20the%20majority%20EMBARGOED.pdf Shelf Number: 132533 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Sullivan, Mary Pat Title: Use as Abuse: A Feasibility Study of Alcohol-Related Elder Abuse Summary: Alcohol-related elder abuse is largely absent from the elder abuse and domestic violence literature. Although alcohol misuse is consistently identified as a risk factor for abuse, the problem manifests itself in a variety of ways and is not well understood theoretically or in direct practice with older people and their families. Thus, it remains an important area for research to more thoroughly understand its role in elder abuse, how to prevent or remove this risk factor, and how to assess and intervene when it emerges in practice. The aim of this feasibility study was to begin to explore the alcohol-related elder abuse problem in England and begin to characterise its role in cases of elder abuse, how practitioners were responding in these situations, and identify areas for further investigation. Funded by Alcohol Research UK, this study was the first of its kind in England. The methods adopted in this investigation included a review of the literature and existing data sets, a review of case files from one local authority adult safeguarding team and in-depth interviews with a sample of safeguarding and specialty alcohol practitioners. The findings from our investigation corroborate much of the existing literature that has primarily been produced in North America. Furthermore, these insights help to illuminate the subject area in England, extend our understandings in relation to community-based interventions and identify opportunities for further enquiry. The major findings are as follows: - Alcohol misusing elder abuse victims tended to be male, slightly younger than other victims, and abused by someone outside the family system. Their vulnerability for abuse seemed to be exacerbated by issues such as declining health, social isolation and possibly longstanding problems with alcohol. - Alcohol misusing elder abuse victims were twice as likely to be financially abused than non-alcohol misusing victims. - Alcohol misusing perpetrators tended to be male and a family member. - Physical abuse was more commonly identified by practitioners in cases with alcohol misusing perpetrators. - Specialty alcohol practitioners described their role as minimising the vulnerability to misuse alcohol and thereby reducing the risks for abuse. Safeguarding practitioners reported their role as a regulated one and their priority was to respond to referrals of older alcohol misusing victims who lacked mental capacity. - Practitioners were most challenged by cases where alcohol misuse had led to self-neglect or where the perpetrator was an alcohol misusing family member. - Evidence-informed community-based interventions were not identified. We conclude that this study offers an opportunity to expand our empirical understandings of alcohol-related elder abuse with a view to further mixed methods exploration in some of the following areas: - Further definition and characterisation of alcohol misuse as a risk factor for elder abuse (e.g., constructing explanations for who is misusing, nature of the misuse and abuse, relevance in family care system, self-neglect, relationship with other risk factors); - Exploration of practitioner assessment tools in relation to alcohol misuse and elder abuse; and - Developing and testing interdisciplinary social interventions, including education and training for practitioners and older people. Details: London: Alcohol Research UK, 2014. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 2, 2014 at: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0111.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0111.pdf Shelf Number: 132600 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDomestic ViolenceElder AbuseElderly Victims |
Author: Wall, Liz Title: Under the Influence? Considering the role of alcohol and sexual assault in social contexts Summary: Alcohol has a culturally accepted place in social situations, particularly when young people congregate, however, it is also widely acknowledged that alcohol is often present in many sexual assaults that occur within these social contexts. Although there is extensive research on the link between alcohol and sexual assault, there is still a lack of clarity about the exact role that alcohol plays in facilitating this type of sexual violence. Perpetrators are able to use alcohol to their advantage in a number of ways. Clearly, alcohol is not a causative factor on its own, as many people drink without perpetrating violence. It seems most likely that alcohol acts in multiple ways and interacts with a range of social and individual factors to influence the perpetration of sexual assault. Key messages ◾Alcohol is a feature in a high proportion of sexual assaults. ◾It appears that alcohol has a multi-faceted role in facilitating sexual assault. ◾There are social and gender issues around alcohol consumption that perpetrators are able to exploit to their advantage. ◾Alcohol is used as a tool by perpetrators to increase victim vulnerability and enhance their own confidence. ◾Alcohol is used as an excuse by perpetrators to reduce their culpability and accountability. ◾Alcohol may be consumed voluntarily by victims or perpetrators may coerce consumption or covertly administer alcohol. ◾Alcohol on its own is not a causative factor for sexual assault but it acts together with social and cultural factors that influence behaviour in relation to social scripts and sexual interactions. Details: Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2014. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: ACSSA Issues No. 18: Accessed July 19, 2014 at: http://www.aifs.gov.au/acssa/pubs/issue/i18/acssa-issues18.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aifs.gov.au/acssa/pubs/issue/i18/acssa-issues18.pdf Shelf Number: 132716 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderRapeSexual AssaultSexual Violence |
Author: Jordan, Paul Title: Tackling Alcohol Misuse Through Screening and Brief Interventions: A Knowledge Transfer Partnership Summary: This report sets out the work undertaken through a Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) between Cardiff University and the Welsh Government (WG) in collaboration with Public Health Wales to develop and deliver an alcohol screening and brief intervention (ABI) programme in Wales. The recommendations in this report are for the WG, Public Health Wales, Cardiff University and other universities, and for other groups outside Wales wishing to establish a screening and ABI programme. They are based on a review of this partnership and formal evaluation of the programme delivered. The burden of alcohol misuse in Wales Alcohol misuse is a major preventable threat to public health. In Wales in 2009 there were nearly 13,000 alcohol-related hospital admissions and one in 30 deaths was alcohol attributable. Alcohol misuse cost the NHS in Wales $85 million in 2009. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Public Health Wales; Cardiff University, 2013. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 25, 2014 at: http://www.vrg.cf.ac.uk/Files/20140107_KTP_finalreport.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.vrg.cf.ac.uk/Files/20140107_KTP_finalreport.pdf Shelf Number: 132769 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment Programs |
Author: Centre for Social Justice Title: No Quick Fix: Exposing the depth of Britain's drugs and alcohol problem Summary: This report lays bare the reality of substance abuse and addiction in Britain today. This ongoing challenge affects millions of people and has huge costs. Alcohol abuse costs taxpayers $21 billion a year and drugs $15 billion. While costs matter, it is the human consequences that present the real tragedy. The abuse of substances is a pathway to poverty and can lead to family breakdown and child neglect, homelessness, crime, debt, and long-term worklessness. From its impact on children to its consequences for those in later life, addiction destroys lives, wrecks families and blights communities. The scale of the problem is shocking. 1.6 million people are dependent on alcohol in England alone. One in seven children under the age of one live with a substance-abusing parent, and more than one in five (2.6 million) live with a parent who drinks hazardously. 335,000 (one in 37) children live with a parent who is addicted to drugs. The Centre for Social Justice (CSJ) has been encouraged by some of the commitments contained within the Drug Strategy 2010 and by the efforts of some reformers within government. The move to a recovery-oriented system is an important step to ensuring that harm reduction is only the first step along a path to abstinence and full recovery. Challenges persist, however, as many vested interests remain entrenched within the treatment system. Supporters of substitute treatment remain unconvinced by the possibilities of full- and long-term recovery, and are resistant to reform. Alarmingly, some commissioners are withdrawing support for effective services. The CSJ has learned that 55 per cent of local authorities have cut funding to residential rehabilitation centres whilst harm reduction services that maintain people in their addiction have been preserved under the NHS ring-fence. These rehabilitation centres, which the Prime Minister has rightly backed in the past, have proved time and again to be an effective way of breaking the cycle of addiction and must be supported. In this report, we also highlight the system's lack of ambition to tackle alcohol abuse, despite its rising cost. While two-thirds of the 300,000 drug addicts in England get treatment, only a small minority (approximately seven per cent) alcohol dependants get similar help. Furthermore, by withdrawing its plans for a minimum unit price, the Government has missed an opportunity to tackle the increased availability of super cheap, strong alcohol. Parents and children, together with addicts and taxpayers, are calling for action. In this report we outline the challenges; in the coming year the CSJ will publish policy recommendations to help solve Britain's drug and alcohol crisis. Details: London: Centre for Social Justice, 2013. 107p. Source: Internet Resource: Breakthrough Britain II: Accessed August 23, 2014 at: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/addict.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/addict.pdf Shelf Number: 129896 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholism (U.K.)Drug Abuse and AddictionDrug PolicySubstance Abuse |
Author: Sutherland, Rachel Title: Motivations and substance use amongst property and violent offenders: Findings from the 2008 & 2013 Illicit Drug Reporting System Summary: Key findings - The prevalence of property crime remained stable across 2008 & 2013, with 18% of PWID reporting that they had committed a property offence in the month preceding interview. Violent crime remained low and stable at 4% and 3% respectively. - In both 2008 and 2013, the majority of property offenders reported being under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol the last time they committed an offence (73% and 71% respectively). - In 2008, the largest proportion of drug-affected property offenders reported being under the influence of heroin (32%) and benzodiazepines (31%). Similarly, in 2013, they largely reported being under the influence of benzodiazepines (29%). - Property offenders most commonly reported that they had committed their last offence for financial reasons. - Amongst those who had committed a violent offence, almost three-quarters reported that they were under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol (73% respectively). - In 2008, the largest proportion of violent offenders reported being under the influence of alcohol (36%), followed by methamphetamine (29%). Similarly, in 2013, the largest proportion of violent offenders reported being under the influence of alcohol and heroin equally (32% respectively). - The largest proportion of violent offenders reported committing their last violent offence for 'opportunistic' reasons. Details: Sydney: National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2014. 5p. Source: Internet Resource: Drug Trends Bulletin: Accessed November 12, 2014 at: https://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/ndarc/resources/IDRSJuly2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: https://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/ndarc/resources/IDRSJuly2014.pdf Shelf Number: 134056 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCrime StatisticsDrug Abuse and Crime (Australia)Property CrimeViolent Crime |
Author: New South Wales. Parliament. Legislative Assembly. Committee on Law and Safety Title: Measures to reduce alcohol and and drug-related violence: Preliminary inquiry Summary: The committee will inquire into, and report on, the effectiveness of recent measures to reduce alcohol and drug related violence in the Sydney Central Business District (CBD), with particular reference to: Trends in alcohol and drug related violence in licensed venues and general street areas The impact of measures to reduce violence on Police, the Courts, hospitals, and the liquor industry Possible further measures to reduce alcohol and drug-related violence The effectiveness of measures taken to reduce alcohol and drug related violence in other jurisdictions, and Any other related matter. This report presents the findings of the inquiry. Details: Sydney: NSW Parliament, 2014. 100p. Source: Internet Resource: Report 4/55: Accessed December 8, 2014 at: https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/Prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/7a337e047dd84b50ca257d96000bb5ac/$FILE/Measures%20to%20Reduce%20Alcohol%20and%20Drug-related%20Violence.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/Prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/7a337e047dd84b50ca257d96000bb5ac/$FILE/Measures%20to%20Reduce%20Alcohol%20and%20Drug-related%20Violence.pdf Shelf Number: 134272 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrug-Related Violence (Australia)Violence Prevention |
Author: Kivivuori, Janne Title: Homicide in Finland, 20022006. A Description Based on the Finnish Homicide Monitoring System (FHMS) Summary: For decades, the Finnish homicide rate has been higher than the corresponding rate in other Nordic Countries. Every year, about three Finns per 100,000 are killed by interpersonal violence. It is, therefore, natural that homicide research has remained among the top priorities of Finnish criminology. Summary - In 2006, the Finnish Police reported 138 homicides. The crime rate was 2.6 victims per 100,000 population. - From the 1970s till the end of the 1990s, the homicide rate remained stable (about 3 per 100,000 population), but has decreased during the last five years. The majority of Finnish homicides occur in the context of drinking quarrels between unemployed, middle-aged male alcoholics. During the period 2002-2006, in 71% of all homicides all persons involved were intoxicated. In 85% of the crimes at least one of the persons involved was intoxicated. - In 2002-2006, 58% of male homicide offenders had prior convictions for violent crime and 37% had been in prison prior to the homicide. - Finnish homicide is regionally patterned: the northern and eastern parts of the country have higher homicide rates than the other regions. During the last decade, the gap has widened. Thus the overall drop in homicide occurrence reflects the decrease of lethal violence in the southern and western regions. - The Finnish homicide rate is one of the highest in the European Union. This is largely explained by the alcohol and drinking group related homicides of the socially marginalized men. The homicide rates of other socio-economic groups are roughly the same as in the other Scandinavian countries. - In 2002, Finland launched a national homicide monitoring system (FHMS) collecting detailed information about all homicides. This research brief is the first English-language report based on the FHMS. Details: Helsinki: National Research Institute of Legal Policy, 2007. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Brief 3/2007: Accessed February 27, 2015 at: http://www.optula.om.fi/material/attachments/optula/julkaisut/verkkokatsauksia-sarja/KoRbDTYm7/hominfin2007.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Finland URL: http://www.optula.om.fi/material/attachments/optula/julkaisut/verkkokatsauksia-sarja/KoRbDTYm7/hominfin2007.pdf Shelf Number: 134727 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCrime RatesCrime StatisticsHomicides (Finland)Violent Crime |
Author: Aaltonen, Mikko Title: Risk Factors of Violence in Finland: A Register Based Study Summary: Many policy decisions affect people's life circumstances in a manner that may also influence their likelihood or propensity to commit crimes. If alcohol availability is greatly increased, the incidence of alcohol related brawls, fights and family violence may show a rise. If poverty increases due to societal processes or policy decisions, this may result in more people experiencing criminogenic strain. If economy changes, or is deliberately changed, so that people have to move from one place to another, this may break social ties causing control deficits and increase in crime. Clearly, it would be useful to know how social policy decisions are translated into increases or decreases in crime. In an ideal situation, policy programmes would be evaluated by experimental research with adequate control groups of individuals or aggregated groups (such as areas). However, practical, ethical and legal obstacles often stand in the way of experimental design. On rare occasions, natural experiments are available when, for example, policy decisions alter the availability of alcohol (Kivivuori 2003; Siren & Lehti 2006). More commonly, policy makers must do without causal (or any kind of) evaluations. The Risk Factors of Crime in Finland (RFCF) research project was launched to provide additional insight into the likely policy consequences of social policy decisions. It utilizes the abundance of register data available on the potential risk factors of crime, and studies their association with crime involvement. In the future, the possibility of simulating the crime effects of various kinds of social and criminal policy changes will be probed. In principle, such simulation results could be used in the quantitative estimation of crime effects of legislative and other political or societal changes. Details: Helsinki: National Research Institute of Legal Policy< 2008. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Brief 6/2008: Accessed February 27, 2015 at: http://www.optula.om.fi/material/attachments/optula/julkaisut/verkkokatsauksia-sarja/C8egqtJ2d/riskitekijat2008.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Finland URL: http://www.optula.om.fi/material/attachments/optula/julkaisut/verkkokatsauksia-sarja/C8egqtJ2d/riskitekijat2008.pdf Shelf Number: 134728 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCrime Control PolicyCriminal BehaviorCriminal Justice Policy (Finland)Violent Crime |
Author: Hadfield, Phil Title: Night-Time Economy Management: International Research and Practice. A Review for the City of Sydney, September 2011 Summary: Details the most effective approaches in night time economies according to the international literature. This includes areas such as public health, responding to heavy episodic drinking, public realm profiling, licensing approaches, design and service interventions and developing sustainable and service based policies. - Young adults are both core consumers of nightlife and the most likely to engage in heavy sessional drinking to an extent which places themselves and others at risk of harm. English street surveys suggest that NTE participants drink more than the national average and at levels above average for their age group. Drinking to intoxication is a major mechanism through which alcohol causes harm. In terms of NTE management, it is the large numbers of people who are brought together and provided with opportunities - and sometimes inducements - to drink to intoxication which generates the main risks of crime, incivility, injury, and ill-health. - Drinking patterns can vary between nightlife areas within the same city, as well as by region. This may include the extent of pre-loading prior to arrival. One explanation for this feature is the variability of social scenes within the NTE, which is linked to different attractions, audiences (especially by age) and substance use choices. - In the UK research literature, those visitors surveyed later in the evening had consumed more alcohol, as had those with earlier onset times for their drinking. Thus, increasing the availability of alcohol through extended licensing hours for clubs and bars appears to correlate with increasing levels of alcohol consumption and therefore drunkenness and related harms. This factor may be one issue for the City to consider in its decision-making. - Drinking at home in preparation for a night out (pre-loading) has been associated with higher levels of intoxication, and greater risk of crime and victimisation when out 'on the town', as well as greater control and duty of care burdens for licensed premises, the police, and emergency health-care services. In several research studies conducted across North West England around a half, or more, of all respondents reported having consumed alcohol prior to entering the nightlife environment (preloading; e.g. at home, a friend's house, or in a hotel room). Preloading was significantly more common among younger respondents. One policy response to pre-loading may be to introduce levers reducing the price differential between alcohol purchased in the bottle shop, bar/hotel, and nightclub sectors. - Levels of drunkenness found within local NTE social scenes have a direct influence upon criminal justice and public health outcomes. As an illustration of this: "premises that produce the most assault-related injuries are also those that produce the greatest proportion of severely intoxicated patrons, suggesting that underlying premises-specific risks may contribute to both forms of alcohol-related harm" (Moore et al., 2011: 363). This has important implications for local enforcement, prevention and research activity as, aggregated at the premises level, venues that accommodate the highest proportions of severely intoxicated customers can be identified using police data and surveyor ratings of intoxication. - In relation to poly-drug use, it is difficult to draw generalisable lessons from what remains a small literature in terms of policy relevance. This is because the range of substances being consumed and mixed by nightlife patrons is now extensive and varies considerably between social scenes at the city and regional level, as well as internationally. For example, within one city, substance choices are likely to vary between the users of bars and nightclubs, and between different music scenes, including across different events hosted within the same licensed premises. This suggests the need to improve our understanding of the subtle patterns of drug taking in order to inform policy and shape education and harm reduction strategies. Given the diversity and fragmentation of drug use trends the central message of the evidence points to the need for in-depth local level research in order to identify use patterns and associated harms for which appropriate local level responses might then be devised. - Some of the most consistent evidence in poly-drug studies surrounds cocaine use and its mixing with alcohol. This has been linked to greater levels of social and physiological harm than the use of either substance individually; including propensities to violence. This is a significant issue in some areas due to the high prevalance of cocaine use in licensed premises. - Policy responses to poly-drug use face conflicting concerns regarding effective law enforcement in relation to the possession and use of illegal substances and the need to communicate harm miminisation messages to nightlife audiences and venue operators without appearing to condone illegal activity. One reason for the relative inactivity of city authorities around the world in responding to illegal drug use in comparison to alcohol is that there has been comparatively little evidence of a link with general public disorder in nightlife, nor is there any legitimate source of supply toward which action to improve standards might be applied. This can mean that recreational drug users face a vacuum in service provision precisely because they are not seen as a threat to wider society. - Evidence suggests that enforcement activity to prevent drunkenness and sales to intoxicated individuals can be effective, especially when targeted at 'high risk' venues. As Stockwell et al., (1997:1) argue, there are important practical advantages in 'sharpening the focus' of alcohol policy away from aggregate levels of consumption towards: "(i) the ability to distinguish between low risk and harmful consumption of alcohol; (ii) the ability to predict which drinkers are most likely to experience harmful consequences of drinking; (iii) the acceptability of policy objectives to government and industry; and (iv) the acceptability of prevention strategies to the general public." Details: Leeds: www.philhadfield.co.uk / City of Sydney: 2011. 271p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2015 at: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/131740/InternationalEvidenceLiteratureReview.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/131740/InternationalEvidenceLiteratureReview.pdf Shelf Number: 134771 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Bevan, Terry Title: Sydney Night Time Economy: Cost Benefit Analysis. A Report for the City of Sydney Council Summary: Reading any study findings about a large, well known and highly regarded international city requires that we clarify certain key aspects of the study from the outset and that those key guidelines should be retained in perspective throughout. Therefore before reading Summary Findings we have provided the introductory note below. It is integral to those findings. We emphasise that: - This is a highly detailed examination of the key economic facets of what has become known as the Night Time Economy (NTE). This definition was not established by economists but by academics that have engaged with the NTE from the perspectives of perceived social impacts. - In considering all perspectives this study examines the NTE as an economic organism. - The geographic focus is the 'local government authority' (LGA) that is administered by the City Council of Sydney, which includes the CBD or 'Manhattan of Sydney' but also highly urbanised neighbourhoods and districts such as Kings Cross, Surrey Hills and Paddington as well as the Rocks. The latter, although administered by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, is included in our core geography for reasons of logical continuity. - Geographic comparisons are made with the larger 'Statistical Sydney' or -Metropolitan Sydney according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics' definition and to New South Wales. - Unsurprisingly the authors have found some difficulties in measuring what has not been measured or collated under one heading before but as experts in issues of NTE measurement we offer this study as the most reasonable and recent picture of the Sydney NTE and how it relates to the wider economy both as a centre of focus in the LGA and across New South Wales. - Improvements in measurements can certainly, and should be, made. There is considerable scope for this and we focus on possible improvements in Section 11 of the report - Technical Recommendations. This improvement will depend upon a proactive development of a relevant research programme. - As a sense check on these findings we have carried out a number of secondary comparisons. One of the most interesting is contained in Section 7.2.3 where we briefly compare Sydney with Westminster and the City of London. The differences are interesting and proportionate but in essence the characteristics and potential of the Sydney NTE is what should concern us. - In Section 8.4 below we introduce some perspectives that flow from a careful comparison of the modes and purposes of transport usage in the LGA for the averaged five years to 2005/6 and the five years to 2009/10. We cannot simply align this movement and purpose data with the economic outputs because the movement statistics have no precise economic crossover. However they give a valid and complementary snapshot and simply on daily comparative population movement statistics alone allow us to understand that the NTE economy does not overstretch the public transport system since the overall movements from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. amount to no more than 19% of all movement in the weekend days of the latest time period. Less than 50% of these journeys are for social purposes. It is also clear from these statistics that we are right to leave retail out of current NTE economic measurement because shopping is such a tiny cited component of LGA movements after 6 p.m. Details: Newcastle upon Tyne: TBR, 2011. 103p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2015 at: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/131739/NightTimeEconomyCostBenefitAnalysisReport.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/131739/NightTimeEconomyCostBenefitAnalysisReport.pdf Shelf Number: 134773 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCost Benefit Analysis (Sydney)Disorderly ConductEntertainment DistrictsNight Time Economy |
Author: Fox, Anne Title: Understanding behaviour in the Australian and New Zealand night-time economies. An anthropological study Summary: Drinking and drunkenness are nothing new. The world's oldest written recipe is for beer. Both praise and admonishment for drunkenness can be found in the world's most ancient texts. In one ancient Egyptian text, a teacher at a school for scribes chastises his young student for his night-time carousing: "I have heard that you abandoned writing and that you whirl around in pleasures, that you go from street to street and it reeks of beer. Beer makes him cease being a man. It causes your soul to wander . . . Now you stumble and fall upon your belly, being anointed with dirt." Today, despite all we now know about the science of alcohol and its effects, each generation of young people seems doomed to repeat this ancient pattern of destructive and excessive consumption. In Australia and New Zealand, there is heightened concern that, once again, young people are falling prey to a culture of drink, depravity and violence. There is no escaping the fact that recent deaths recorded in the night-time economy (NTE) in New South Wales, Australia have been horrific. The names and photographs of the victims are etched in our memories and we owe it to them and their families to investigate the underlying drivers of this violence. Yet the public debate about alcohol-related anti-social behaviour in both countries has tended to look only at what has happened and where, rather than why. There is a notable absence of significant studies of the cultural drivers of misuse and anti-social behaviour or of the backgrounds, motives or characteristics of the perpetrators of such violence. It is unlikely that we will achieve real and positive change in the drinking culture until we have a better understanding of what is driving it. Most reports treat this phenomenon as if it were driven by exclusively modern social forces: television, advertising, 'youth culture' etc., or merely by the inevitable side-effect of the ingestion of ethanol. This paper will look at the influence of these factors in Australia and New Zealand, but also at the intersection of these modern influences with very ancient but ever-present human behaviours and needs. This paper will address the key question of what drives and influences drinking patterns, anti-social misbehaviour and violence in the night-time economy (NTE), by presenting an overview of the drinking culture in both countries and an anthropological perspective on the problem areas and potential solutions. Details: Silverwater, NSW: Lion, 2015. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 8, 2015 at: http://www.lionco.com/content/u12/Dr%20Anne%20Fox%20report.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lionco.com/content/u12/Dr%20Anne%20Fox%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 135189 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAntisocial BehaviorDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyMasculinitiesNight-Time Economies |
Author: Richardson, Elizabeth A. Title: Alcohol-related illness and death in Scottish neighbourhoods: is there a relationship with the number of alcohol outlets? Summary: KEY MESSAGES - There are large variations in numbers of alcohol outlets within neighbourhoods across Scotland. - Across the whole of Scotland, neighbourhoods with higher numbers of alcohol outlets had significantly higher alcohol-related death rates. Alcohol-related death rates in neighbourhoods with the most alcohol outlets were more than double the rates in those with the fewest outlets. There were 34 alcohol-related deaths per 100,000 people in neighbourhoods with the most off-sales outlets, compared with 13 per 100,000 in neighbourhoods with the fewest. - Across the whole of Scotland, alcohol-related hospitalisation rates were significantly higher in neighbourhoods with the most alcohol outlets. Details: Edinburgh: Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, 2014. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 25, 2015 at: http://www.alcohol-focus-scotland.org.uk/media/89684/cresh-research-alcohol-outlets-and-health.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.alcohol-focus-scotland.org.uk/media/89684/cresh-research-alcohol-outlets-and-health.pdf Shelf Number: 135392 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (Scotland)Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderNeighborhoods |
Author: Roth, Lenny Title: Liquor licensing restrictions to address alcohol-related violence in NSW: 2008 to 2014 Summary: The issue of alcohol-related violence, and in particular violence occurring in and around licensed premises, has been at the forefront of debate in NSW for several years. A range of measures have been introduced to tackle this problem, including those announced by Premier O'Farrell on 21 January 2014. Restrictions imposed on licensed premises under existing and new provisions of the Liquor Act 2007 have been a major part of the reforms. This e-brief outlines the main liquor licensing restrictions that have been introduced since 2008. It also refers to studies that have been done on the effectiveness of certain restrictions, and it examines trends in alcohol-related assaults. Details: Sydney: NSW Parliamentary Research Service, 2014. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: e-brief 4/2014: Accessed April 25, 2015 at: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/Liquorlicensingrestrictionstoaddressalcohol-relatedviolenceinNSW:2008to2014/$File/Liquor+licensing+reforms.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/Liquorlicensingrestrictionstoaddressalcohol-relatedviolenceinNSW:2008to2014/$File/Liquor+licensing+reforms.pdf Shelf Number: 135393 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Tonigan, Alexandra Toscova Title: Bernalillo County Department of Substance Abuse: Public Inebriate Intervention Program Summary: The purpose of the Bernalillo County Department of Substance Abuse Program's (DSAP) Public Inebriate Intervention Program (PIIP) in Bernalillo County, including Albuquerque, New Mexico is to relieve congestion in UNM Hospital's Emergency Department and Psychiatric Emergency Services, as well as other hospital emergency rooms in Bernalillo County (Presbyterian and Lovelace) and to reduce the number of bookings at the Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC). To do this, the Department of Substance Abuse Program (DSAP) has partnered with the Albuquerque Fire Department (AFD) and the Albuquerque Police Department (APD) to "identify inebriates in the community and offer voluntary transportation to the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Assessment Treatment Services (MATS) facility," where individuals have the opportunity to stay up to 12 hours in a stable and safe environment until they sober up (Board of County Commissioners, DSAP). In doing so, the inebriated individuals receive the appropriate treatment and care, crowding within jails and hospitals is alleviated, and a substantial amount of money can be saved. The program is located at the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Assessment Treatment Services (MATS) facility. This program houses a number of programs including detoxification services, a medical observation and treatment unit, supportive aftercare, residential services, and a hospital for adult/adolescent medical detoxification and rehabilitation. The information presented in this report originates from forms maintained by MATS on individuals who were served by PIIP in April, May and October of 2014. Details: Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, Institute for Social Research, 2015. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 18, 2015 at: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2015/bernalillo-county-department-of-substance-abuse-public-inebriate-intervention-program.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2015/bernalillo-county-department-of-substance-abuse-public-inebriate-intervention-program.pdf Shelf Number: 136820 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsAlcoholismDisorderly Conduct |
Author: Akesson, Grant Title: The Impact of Liquor Restrictions in Halls Creek. Quantitative Date -- Five Years Post-restriction Summary: On 11 May 2009, the Director of Liquor Licensing released his decision that, as of 18 May 2009, the following restrictions be imposed for an indefinite period of time, with a review of the effectiveness of the restrictions at regular intervals. Halls Creek Store - The sale of packaged liquor, exceeding a concentration of ethanol and liquor of 2.7 per cent at 200C, is prohibited to any person, other than a liquor merchant. Kimberley Store - The sale of packaged liquor, exceeding a concentration of ethanol and liquor of 2.7 per cent at 200C, is prohibited to any person, other than a lodger (as defined in section 3 of the Liquor Control Act 1988) or a liquor merchant. - The sale and supply of liquor for consumption on the premises is prohibited before 12:00 noon on any day, except when it is sold ancillary to a meal or to a lodger. - A dress code is to be displayed at each entrance to the premises. - Liquor products are not permitted to be displayed for sale within the area outlined blue on the plan dated 17 November 2008. This report provides a range of statistical information covering six time periods. - Pre-restriction - June 2008 to May 2009; - Post-restriction period 1 - June 2009 to May 2010; - Post-restriction period 2 - June 2010 to May 2011; - Post-restriction Period 3 - June 2011 to May 2012; - Post-restriction Period 4 - June 2012 to May 2013; - Post-restriction Period 5 - June 2013 to May 2014. Details: Western Australia : Drug and Alcohol Office, Government of Western Australia, 2015. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2015 at: http://www.dao.health.wa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?Command=Core_Download&EntryId=1155&PortalId=0&TabId=211 Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dao.health.wa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?Command=Core_Download&EntryId=1155&PortalId=0&TabId=211 Shelf Number: 137191 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Foster, Jon Title: Licensing Act 2003: Its uses and abuses 10 years on Summary: In this research project the Institute of Alcohol Studies (IAS) set out to assess the impact of the Licensing Act 2003 (hereon referred to as 'the Act') on the wider public sector 10 years after its implementation. IAS has been involved with the Act from its very beginning; while there was undoubtedly a real need for reform, at the time we cautioned that the proposals seemed: Likely to undermine rather than protect the public welfare and described the White Paper as 'confused and ambiguous.' In partnership with the Civic Trust, IAS founded 'Open All Hours?', a network of local residents' and amenity groups, to ensure their voice was heard in the policy process. This group lobbied in particular for the cumulative impact provision that was finally included in the guidance. On starting this project there appeared to be wide disagreement as to what licensing could and should to, whether it is regulatory or permissive, and whether it is narrowly administrative or guided by a wider view of the public good. We hope that this project will stimulate debate on these issues and lead to greater clarity for all involved in licensing. IAS wants to see licensing support diverse, inclusive and sustainable communities, without undermining local areas and putting undue pressure onto the public sector. Alcohol is used and enjoyed by many, but it can also be the cause of significant social and personal problems; licensing should have a key role to play in addressing and preventing many of these problems. In many respects the Act has resulted in continuity rather than change, yet this research found common complaints from local authorities who felt that it has caused them significant problems, particularly in regard to the off-trade. This report puts forward the view that the Act has been interpreted to the advantage of the licenced trade and there is a need to address some of the myths that have developed around the Act's use. Details: London: Institute of Alcohol Studies, 2016. 241p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2016 at: http://www.ias.org.uk/uploads/pdf/IAS%20reports/rp22032016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ias.org.uk/uploads/pdf/IAS%20reports/rp22032016.pdf Shelf Number: 138526 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder |
Author: Donnelly, Neil Title: Did the 'lockout law' reforms increase assaults at The Star casino, Pyrmont? Summary: Aim: To examine trends in non-domestic assault in Pyrmont and The Star casino since the February 2014 reforms contained in the Liquor Amendment Act 2014 (popularly known as the 'lockout laws') were implemented in central Sydney. Method: Time series analysis, police narrative analysis. Results: The number of non-domestic assaults recorded at The Star casino increased following the introduction of the 'lockout and last drinks laws'. In absolute terms, the increase was fairly small; slightly less than two additional assaults per month. In 2015, 49 per cent of assaults in the suburb of Pyrmont occurred in The Star casino premises. In the majority (71%) of incidents the victim of the assault was a patron at the casino but more than one in 10 (15%) were taxi drivers. In 30 per cent of incidents the assault occurred while the offender was being evicted from the casino or after he or she had been evicted. Conclusion: The February 2014 reforms may have increased the number of assaults in Pyrmont, particularly at The Star casino. The increase, however, is much smaller than the decreases in assault recorded in the Kings Cross and Sydney CBD entertainment precincts following the reforms. Details: Sydney: New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics, 2016. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief no.114: Accessed April 21, 2016 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report-Did-the-lockout-law-reforms-increase-assaults-at-The-Star-casino-Pyrmont-bb114.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report-Did-the-lockout-law-reforms-increase-assaults-at-The-Star-casino-Pyrmont-bb114.pdf Shelf Number: 139091 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsViolence |
Author: Snowdon, Christopher Title: Drinking, Fast and Slow: Ten years of the Licensing Act Summary: - Introduced in 2005, the Licensing Act allowed more flexibility in pub, bar and nightclub opening times and allowed for the possibility of '24 - It was widely predicted that the relaxation of licensing laws would lead to higher rates of alcohol consumption, more binge-drinking, more violent crime and more alcohol-related attendances to Accident and Emergency departments. In the event, none of this occurred. - Per capita alcohol consumption had been rising for many years, but peaked in 2004 and has fallen by 17 per cent since the Licensing Act was introduced. This is the largest reduction in UK drinking rates since the 1930s. - Rates of 'binge-drinking' have declined amongst all age groups since 2005, with the biggest fall occurring amongst the 16-24 age group. - Violent crime declined in the first year of the new licensing regime and has fallen in most years since. Since 2004/05, the rate of violent crime has fallen by 40 per cent, public order offences have fallen by 9 per cent, homicide has fallen by 44 per cent, domestic violence has fallen by 28 per cent and the number of incidents of criminal damage has fallen by 48 per cent. There has been a rise in violent crime between 3am and 6am, but this has been offset by a larger decline at the old closing times (11pm-midnight and 2am to 3am). - The weight of evidence from Accident and Emergency departments suggests that there was either no change or a slight decline in alcohol-related admissions after the Licensing Act was introduced. Alcohol-related hospital admissions have continued to rise, albeit at a slower pace than before the Act was introduced, but there has been no rise in the rate of alcohol-related mortality. There was also a statistically significant decline in late-night traffic accidents following the enactment of the Act. - The evidence from England and Wales contradicts the 'availability theory' of alcohol, which dictates that longer opening hours lead to more drinking, more drunkenness and more alcohol-related harm. The British experience since 2005 shows that longer opening hours do not necessarily create greater demand. - There is little evidence that the Licensing Act led to the creation of a continental cafe culture, as some proponents of liberalisation had hoped, but the primary objectives of diversifying the night-time economy, allowing greater freedom of choice and improving public order have largely been met. By relaxing the licensing laws, the government allowed consumers to pursue their preferences more effectively. In practice, this resulted in relatively modest extensions in opening hours, not '24 hour drinking'. By allowing a greater degree of self-regulation, the Licensing Act benefited consumers without creating the disastrous consequences that were widely predicted. Details: London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2015. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Briefing 15:05: Accessed May 5, 2016 at: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Briefing_1505_Drinking%20fast%20and%20slow_web.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Briefing_1505_Drinking%20fast%20and%20slow_web.pdf Shelf Number: 138950 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-social BehaviorBinge DrinkingDisorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Mongan, Deirdre Title: Alcohol in Ireland: consumption, harm, cost and policy response Summary: HRB Overview Series. Alcohol in Ireland: consumption, harm, cost and policy response www.hrb.ie 5 Alcohol is widely consumed in Ireland and it is associated with many aspects of Irish social and cultural life. The results presented in this Overview reiterate that Ireland, by international standards, has a high level of alcohol consumption, overall and in single sessions. Moreover, over half the population drink in a harmful manner, making harmful drinking more the norm than the exception. In 2014, per capita consumption was 21% higher than the target of 9.1 litres per person annually recommended in the Steering Group Report on a National Substance Misuse Strategy . In 2013 at least 75% of all alcohol consumed was consumed during a binge drinking session. In 2009, the Government established a steering group to formulate a national alcohol policy. The steering group published their report in 2012 and recommended that the Health Research Board be tasked with collecting information on the appropriate alcohol-related epidemiological indicators. Given the apparent acceptance of harmful drinking patterns and drunkenness in Ireland, it is not surprising that the overall findings of this Overview illustrate that alcohol is responsible for a considerable burden of death, disease and injury. Alcohol is also responsible for three deaths each day and approximately 4,000 self- harm presentations each year. The greatest burden of health harm is experienced by younger people. Three-quarters of all alcohol-related hospitalisations and deaths occurred among people under 65 years of age. The steep increase in alcoholic liver disease among those aged under 35 years is a worrying consequence of our harmful drinking patterns. On the basis of evidence presented here, the health of Irish people would be improved if we change our norms by reducing overall alcohol consumption as well as risky drinking patterns. The international evidence is substantive and clear on the most effective policies to reduce alcohol- related harm. These policies include making alcohol more expensive, restricting its availability and reducing the promotion of alcohol, all of which are included in the Public Health (Alcohol) Bill 2015. The implementation of this bill would lead to a reduction in per capita consumption of alcohol in Ireland to a more appropriate level and to reduce the extent of alcohol-related harm faced by us as a society. Details: Dublin: Health Research Board, 2016. 96p. Source: Internet Resource: HRB Overview Series 10: Accessed August 1, 2016 at: http://alcoholireland.ie/download/reports/alcohol_health/Overview-Series-10_Alcohol_in_Ireland_consumption-harm-cost-and-policy....pdf Year: 2016 Country: Ireland URL: http://alcoholireland.ie/download/reports/alcohol_health/Overview-Series-10_Alcohol_in_Ireland_consumption-harm-cost-and-policy....pdf Shelf Number: 139918 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholism |
Author: Phelps, William Title: Idaho Drug and Alcohol Related Arrests and Charges: 2006-2013 Summary: The arrest data extracted and analyzed are from the Idaho Incident Based Reporting System (IIBRS) repository maintained by Idaho State Police between 2006 and 2013. Court information is from the Idaho Supreme Court for the years 2008‐2013. Since the court data was initially requested for a different report, the date range does not match that of the IIBRS section of the current report. IIBRS Alcohol related arrests have been declining since 2006, while drug related arrests have increased by nearly 18%. Arrests for driving under the influence decreased by 28% between 2006 and 2013. Between 2006 and 2013, 7,764 pounds of marijuana were seized; the most of any drug. Prescription drug seizures peaked in 2012 with 31,730 dosage units seized. Cases involving cocaine decreased between 2006 and 2013 while cases involving opiates (e.g., heroin) increased by 283%. Although offenders arrested for drug or alcohol related offenses are most often male, the proportion of female arrestees increased slightly in 2013. The proportion of female arrestees was largest for cases involving methamphetamine and prescription drugs. In 2013, the offender was suspected of being under the influence of alcohol or drugs in nearly 20% of violent crime arrests. Court Information The rate of alcohol cases declined between 2008 through 2013 from 14.3 to 8.7 per 1,000 people in Idaho. The rate of drug cases increased between 2008 through 2013 from 6.3 to 7.6 cases per 1,000 people. Possession accounted for more than 80% of drug charges and DUIs accounted for nearly 60% of alcohol charges. Drug use/consume cases increased by 24% between 2008 and 2013. Cases involving minors in possession of alcohol decreased by 12% between 2008 and 2013. Individuals age 18‐24 accounted for the largest percentage of defendants in drug and alcohol related cases between 2008 and 2013. More than 40% of drug charges between 2008 and 2013 involved paraphernalia. The most common drug types in transporting/importing cases between 2008 and 2013 included marijuana (38.4%) and methamphetamine (38.9%). Nearly 45% of drug charges and less than 25% of alcohol charges were dismissed. The percent of drug and alcohol related cases involving a probation violation decreased from approximately 11% in 2012 to 6% in 2013. Details: Meridian, ID: Idaho Statistical Analysis Center, Idaho State Police, 2015. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 29, 2016 at: https://www.isp.idaho.gov/pgr/inc/documents/AlcoholandDrugTrendReport06-13Final.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.isp.idaho.gov/pgr/inc/documents/AlcoholandDrugTrendReport06-13Final.pdf Shelf Number: 140514 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDriving Under the InfluenceDrug Abuse and CrimeDrug OffendersDrunk Driving |
Author: Bloomfield, Kim Title: The Ripple Effect of Alcohol - Consequences Beyond the Drinker Summary: A significant amount of alcohol-related harm afflicts others than the drinker. The negative effects from drinking puts children and families at particular risk. In order to tackle the effects from drinking we must determine how alcohol affects others and what areas of society are affected. The publication "The ripple effect of alcohol: Consequences beyond the drinker" provides perspectives on how drinking affects us as individuals and as a society. In order to strengthen research projects and collaboration focusing on alcohol's harm to others, the Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues established a Nordic research network, H20 Nordic, in 2013. The project has generated a number of Nordic comparative studies and publications. "The ripple effect of alcohol: Consequences beyond the drinker" outlines the key findings of the research network. What kind of harms do Nordic people experience from the drinking of family, friends and co-workers? To what extent do Nordic people experience harm from strangers’ drinking? When is parents’ alcohol use in the presence of children acceptable and what makes it less so? Other topics in the publication include deliberation upon measuring harm in terms of money, and an international perspective on alcohol's harm to others. Additionally, the publication includes accounts of hands-on approaches to harm from others drinking, for instance a report on how the police in Greenland aims to replace domestic violence with dialogue and how cooperation between bars, the police and municipalities minimises nightlife violence in Sweden. Details: Stockholm: Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues, 2016. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: http://www.nordicwelfare.org/PageFiles/34564/H2O_final_WEB29.6.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Sweden URL: http://www.nordicwelfare.org/PageFiles/34564/H2O_final_WEB29.6.pdf Shelf Number: 145400 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholism |
Author: Leslie, Ellen Title: Alcohol use and motivations for drinking among types of young adult illicit stimulant uers Summary: Drinking among young adult users of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) during episodes of ecstasy and methamphetamine use is reported to have a number of possible functions, such as mitigating the unwanted effects of the drugs, enhancing intoxication and pleasure, and increasing drinking capacity. While there is evidence to suggest a high prevalence of risky drinking among users of ATS in Australia, little is known about how they combine their use of ATS with the consumption of alcohol or why they do so. This paper considers how ATS users consume alcohol during ecstasy and methamphetamine use, and also addresses alcohol abuse and dependence among low-risk and at-risk ATS users. At-risk users are more likely to have experienced alcohol abuse and dependence during adolescence or early adulthood, suggesting that higher-risk use of ATS may be linked with problematic drinking patterns. The paper suggests that problematic behaviour relating to alcohol and ATS use is interlinked, and may be important in developing appropriate policy responses. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2016. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice, no. 515: Accessed December 5, 2016 at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi515.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi515.pdf Shelf Number: 140281 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDrug AbuseIllegal DrugsSubstance Abuse |
Author: Turner-Walker, Jennifer Title: Clash of the Paradigms: Night Patrols in remote central Australia Summary: This research examines the crucial crime and violence prevention role of Aboriginal Night and Community Patrols in the 20 plus remote Aboriginal settlements of the Northern Territory region south of Tennant Creek. The research focuses on the period from the early 1990s with the appearance of the first remote settlement Night Patrols in the Northern Territory, to their demise as community owned services with the Howard Liberal government's Northern Territory Emergency Response (the Intervention) and the implementation of a Shire system of local NT government. These measures removed the last vestiges of remote Aboriginal community ownership of Patrols and other Aboriginal initiatives, thereby undermining the Aboriginal cultural and family imperatives that were the basis of functional Night and Community patrols. Though there are some similarities to community safety initiatives in other cultural and geographic areas, Aboriginal Night and Community Patrols in remote regions of Australia are very locally and culturally specific. The intention of this thesis is to explore some of the enormous range of roles, strategies, and methodologies of remote Patrols during the time when they could have been viewed as stellar examples of Aboriginal self-determination in action, a genuinely grassroots wholly Aboriginal initiative to improve the safety of their families and settlements where the non-Aboriginal domain had so clearly failed. The Patrols’ local and cultural specificity has disadvantaged the patrols in their interactions with non-Aboriginal organisations such as police and government agencies, as their strategies and actions are largely opaque to the nonAboriginal administrative, regulatory and social domains. The tendency is to try to understand Patrols in terms of equivalence to non-Aboriginal community policing initiatives such as Neighbourhood Watch, or security services. This does the Patrols a great disservice, and fails to recognise the extraordinary complexity of Patrol functions and strategies. It also overlooks the skill, commitment and determination of the Patrollers in undertaking to protect their families and make a difference to quality of life and safety in their home settlements. Night and Community Patrols’ major strengths are in harm minimisation, crime prevention and dispute mediation. As cultural insiders, they have a deep and intimate knowledge of the intricacies of family and individual relationships that comprise the remote Aboriginal political and socio-cultural milieu. This enables them to identify, manage and mediate potentially dangerous disputes and situations before they escalate to unregulated violence. Preventative activities are notoriously difficult to quantify, which has affected attempts by funding bodies and others to "benchmark" Patrol activities, and to implement appropriate and effective Patrol reporting systems . Details: Crawley WA: University of Western Australia, 2012. 132p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed December 21, 2016 at: http://fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/Thesis+complete+2.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/Thesis+complete+2.pdf Shelf Number: 147765 Keywords: Aboriginal CommunitiesAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderNight PatrolsPolice Patrols |
Author: Dijk, Annigje van Title: Is violence hiding behind bars? Encounters with trauma in the fight against alcoholism waged by beneficiaries and staff members of a small detox centre in N'Djamena, Chad Summary: In N'Djamena, the capital of Chad, the idea of 'trauma' became embedded in the 'fight against aloholism' of a small centre, guiding ideas and therpeutic practices in the detoxification trajectories of individuals. I studied this case as one of multiple engagements with trauma in 'conflict-affected' areas, the number of which is growing now global mental health has become one of the new pillars of international intervention. Using 'friction', a concept of Tsing (2005), I analysed what happens in the different encounters with trauma in this centre, on the level of the centre's staff, and on that of its beneficiaries. I argue that staff, in their construction of a 'trauma narrative' around alcoholism, also start to see 'violence' in ways that are different than their beneficiaries. These beneficiaries take some parts, but not others of the psychotherapeutic 'version' of their own stories over in their own narratives. The idea that is central to trauma, that it layse bare 'hidden violence', however, makes that the discrepancies between their stories remains. This paradox shows that 'trauma' in a powerful concept that, when applied, can easily overlook or judge alternative ways of giving meaning to violence. Details: Utrecht, NL: Utrecht University, 2016. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed February 28, 2017 at: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/338950 Year: 2016 Country: Chad URL: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/338950 Shelf Number: 141249 Keywords: Aggressive BehaviorAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismMental Health |
Author: Hayes-Jonkers, Charmaine S. Title: Bouncers, Brutes and Brawn: Are bouncers being discriminated against in news reports? A critical discourse analysis Summary: Public perceptions of bouncers have been of thuggish, brutish men who like nothing better than to 'pound people into the pavement' or 'heave people out onto the street'. Arguably, Neanderthal-like perceptions of bouncers have prevailed over time, both in the eyes of the public and the eyes of the news media. Incidents of bouncers being involved in violent encounters, including deaths, have been well documented in the news media; most notably, the death of the Australian cricketer David Hookes in 2004. Links between bouncers, biker gangs and organised crime have also been identified and may well influence public perceptions of bouncers. Alcohol-related violence in the night-time economy is a complex social, cultural and structural problem that has no simple solution. Bouncers occupy a precarious and contradictory position as the protectors and minders of persons and property within the night-time economy. The news media is a powerful mechanism for influencing, producing and reproducing dominant ideological values and norms in relation to biases, discrimination and racism. This thesis employs a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) perspective and seeks to determine, through an in-depth analysis of news reports and a categorical qualitative analysis, if negative portrayals and discrimination through rhetorical and discursive strategies in the news media contribute to the public perception of bouncers as thugs. CDA seeks to uncover the political and ideological meanings behind talk and text. The aim of this research is to expose the underlying sociopolitical factors that are contributing to the vilification of bouncers in the news media in Australia. A manual, 'deep' qualitative analysis was conducted on 10 randomly selected news reports and 80 reports were analysed using the NVivo 10 qualitative software program. The manual analysis has indicated that rhetorical and discursive strategies are used in news reports to undermine bouncers' credibility and portray the industry as staffed with violent, undertrained, criminal individuals. Under- and over-statements, metaphors, and metonymic concepts, together with lexical choice, styles and structures are used freely by the news media to vilify, discriminate against and discredit bouncers. Bouncer 'voices' were excluded in news reports and only the 'voices' of credible 'experts' were quoted or 'heard' to legitimate journalists' claims of violent bouncers. The NVivo analysis showed 809 references to violence in the 80 news reports, with 233 'experts' cited or quoted in the text. There were 130 political abstractions and generalisations and 61 references to criminality. There were also 307 references to power being exerted over bouncers and 519 organisations mentioned in the text. Collectively, industry 'experts' distanced themselves from bouncers involved in violence and the bouncers responsible were 'blamed' for the violence, which supports the political ideology of responsibilisation. It is proposed that lack of state authority, low social status and working in an industry described as 'dirty work' contribute to social perceptions of bouncers as violent thugs. Details: Cairns, AUS: James Cook University, 2015. 272p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 3, 2017 at: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43775/1/43775-hayes-jonkers-2015-thesis.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43775/1/43775-hayes-jonkers-2015-thesis.pdf Shelf Number: 141317 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderBouncersMasculinityNews MediaSecurity GuardsSecurity Personnel |
Author: Donnelly, Neil Title: The effect of lockout and last drinks laws on non-domestic assaults in Sydney: An update to September 2016 Summary: Aims: To assess the longer-term effects of the 2014 NSW liquor law reforms on levels of violence in the inner Sydney area. Method: Interrupted time series models were used to examine the effects of the legislative reforms introduced in January 2014. Police recorded non-domestic assaults were analysed over the period January 2009 and September 2016. Separate analyses were carried out for the Kings Cross Precinct (KXP); the Sydney CBD Entertainment Precinct (CBD); an area contiguous with KXP and CBD called the proximal displacement area (PDA); a group of entertainment areas not far from KXP and CBD called the distal displacement area (DDA) and the rest of NSW. Results: Following the reforms statistically significant reductions in non-domestic assault incidents occurred in both the Kings Cross (down 49%) and CBD Entertainment Precincts (down 13%). There was evidence of geographical displacement to surrounding areas with increases in non-domestic assault observed in both the PDA (up 12%) and the DDA (up 17%). The reduction in the combined Kings Cross and CBD Precincts (930 fewer non-domestic assaults) was much greater than the increase in the combined proximal and displacement areas (299 more non-domestic assaults). Conclusion: Restrictions on the availability of alcohol appear to have reduced non-domestic assault in the target Precincts. Continued research is needed to monitor if displacement of these assaults increases further Details: Sydney: New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2017. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Number 201: Accessed March 7, 2017 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/Report-2017-Effect-of-lockout-and-last-drinks-laws-on-non-domestic-assaults-cjb201.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/Report-2017-Effect-of-lockout-and-last-drinks-laws-on-non-domestic-assaults-cjb201.pdf Shelf Number: 146417 Keywords: Alcohol EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsCrime Displacement |
Author: Tomsen, Stephen Title: Homicide and the Night-time Economy Summary: Homicide and social patterns of alcohol use have become matters of wide concern in the Australian community. In recent years there has been particular interest in understanding and preventing attacks in commercial nightlife settings that typically involve high levels of collective drinking. Although overall rates of Australian homicide are in a long-term pattern of decline the Australian Institute of Criminology National Homicide Monitoring Program has produced a series of reports that draw out the persistent role of alcohol in homicide. This study provides evidence that homicides related to the night-time economy are not highly concentrated in locations of nightlife and heavy drinking that are usually understood as problematic sites of assaults and public disorder. Nevertheless, there is a broad persistence of after dark homicides that involve intoxication and are either directly or indirectly related to commercial night leisure. Details: Canberra: Criminology Research Council, 2016. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 20, 2017 at: http://crg.aic.gov.au/reports/1617/47-1011-FinalReport.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://crg.aic.gov.au/reports/1617/47-1011-FinalReport.pdf Shelf Number: 145061 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderHomicidesLicensed Premises Night-time EconomyPublic DisorderViolent Crime |
Author: Foster, Jon Title: Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere? Addressing physical availability of alcohol in Australia and the UK Summary: Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) have observed an enormous increase in the availability of alcohol since the 1980s. There has been huge growth in the number and types of places at which alcohol can be purchased, and in the times of the day and week transactions can take place. Over this period, there has also been a substantial increase in alcohol purchases for consumption off-premises, a shift partly driven by the increasing cost ratio of on- versus off-premise drinks. The on-premises trade has responded by shifting business models. Some adjustments, such as increased food offerings, are likely to place downward pressure on rates of harm. However, the greater competition can also push up rates of harm, as marginal operators compete with bulk and cheap promotions. The net result seems to have been relatively stable per capita consumption, but an increased awareness of harms associated with drinking. The political response to increasing public concern has focused predominantly on late-night violence and the broad notion of community amenity. Cracking down on drink driving was an earlier manifestation of this kind of response to visible problems involving a large number of ambulance attendances and emergency department presentations. Pressure on the political system has produced a variety of policies targeting the temporal availability of alcohol. The high profile of alcohol-related street violence in Australia in particular, has driven restrictions on the sale of particular products or in certain forms late at night. Both Australia and the UK have initiatives attempting to address the cumulative impact of licensed businesses to maintain community amenity. The UK has also produced schemes such as 'reducing the strength' to encourage voluntary restrictions on particular products. Political will for meaningful reform has regularly been limited by the enormous power and sophisticated lobby of the alcohol and hospitality industries. Much of the policy debate in Australia has surrounded the late night trade of alcohol. With debate focusing on events at 4am, it has remained peripheral to the great majority of Australians who are in bed at that time. Similarly, progress on cumulative and community impact has been largely ineffective. Policies have focused on whether and where further licences will be issued rather than reducing the number of licences, which has not been an issue which governments have been willing to consider. The breadth of harm associated with alcohol demands targeted measures and consideration of alcohol policy across a variety of domains. The multifaceted nature of domestic violence and chronic disease, for example, mean policies addressing alcohol's role in these issues are both challenging to develop and sometimes overlooked. A recurrent surprise has been that a relatively strong measure aimed at visible problems on the street - for instance, drink driving - unexpectedly has an effect in reducing rates of domestic violence. Details: London and Canberra: Institute of Alcohol Studies and the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, 2017. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 2, 2017 at: www.ias.org.uk/ Year: 2017 Country: International URL: www.ias.org.uk/ Shelf Number: 145902 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Law Enforcement Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderNight-Time Economy |
Author: Butler, Nadia Title: Liverpool's Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention: Progress monitoring report Summary: In the UK it is an offence to knowingly sell alcohol to, or purchase alcohol for, intoxicated individuals and flouting these laws can result in fines being imposed on the person (e.g. bar staff) selling the alcohol, the holder of the premises license, the premises supervisor or the person who purchases alcohol on behalf of an intoxicated individual (CPS, 2005). Despite this, public awareness, bar server compliance and police enforcement of this legislation is typically low (HC Deb, 2014; Hughes & Anderson, 2008; Hughes et al., 2014). Nightlife settings across the UK are characterised by high levels of intoxication and alcohol-related harms (Bellis et al., 2011; Quigg et al., 2015). Further, research suggests that many nightlife users arrive in nightlife environments already intoxicated, having consumed a substantial amount of alcohol at home before going on a night out (i.e. preloading; Anderson et al., 2007; Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016a; Quigg et al., 2016b). Excessive alcohol consumption not only damages the public's health, but also places a large burden on police, local authorities and health services who must manage nightlife drunkenness and associated problems such as anti-social behaviour, violence and alcohol-related injuries (Anderson et al., 2007; Drummond et al., 2005). To reduce such harms an extensive range of policies and interventions have been implemented at both local and national level including high profile policing, changes to licensing laws and environmental measures to improve safety (Bellis et al., 2011; HM Government, 2012). Whilst there is some evidence to indicate that such measures can contain and manage alcohol-related harms, they do little to reduce levels of intoxication or address harmful and pervasive cultures of nightlife drunkenness (Bellis et al., 2011; Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016b). In 2013, the first UK study of bar servers' propensity to serve alcohol to drunks was undertaken in Liverpool City Centre and found that 84% of purchase attempts by pseudointoxicated actors resulted in the sale of alcohol (Hughes et al., 2014). Studies conducted elsewhere have suggested that reductions in the service of alcohol to drunks can be achieved through multi-agency interventions that incorporate community mobilisation, enforcement of the law around the service of alcohol to drunks and responsible bar server training (Andreasson et al., 2000; Lenk et al., 2006; Wallin et al., 2005). Following the presentation of these findings to local partners across Liverpool, the multi-component Say No to Drunks pilot intervention was developed and implemented. The intervention aimed to: increase awareness of the legislation preventing sales of alcohol to drunks; support bar staff compliance with the law; provide a strong deterrence to selling alcohol to drunks; and promote responsible drinking amongst nightlife users. Findings from the evaluation of this first pilot study were positive and suggested improved public awareness of the legislation on sales of alcohol to drunks and increased bar server confidence in refusing such sales. While wider impacts were not observed, it represented the first step in a continued body of work to address sales of alcohol to drunks and creating safer nightlife environments in Liverpool (Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016b). Thus, in 2015 the intervention was further refined and rebranded as Drink Less Enjoy More (DLEM) and was subsequently implemented as a second phase. Phase two built on key elements of the pilot intervention and was comprised f: a social marketing and public awareness campaign; bar staff training; and police enforcement. Further, it covered a wider geographical area and also targeted nightlife users prior to entering the night-time economy. Findings from the evaluation of DLEM were positive, crucially showing that the service of alcohol to pseudo-intoxicated actors had reduced substantially from 84% in 2013 to 26% in 2015 (Hughes et al., 2014; Quigg et al., 2016b). The evaluation suggested that learning from the pilot phase and subsequent amendments to the intervention, and a greater commitment to implementing all aspects of the intervention, served to strengthen the intervention's impact (Quigg et al., 2016b). Although wider impacts on addressing the culture of drunkenness in Liverpool's nightlife were not observed, local partners recognise that the intervention is a crucial step in preventing the sales of alcohol to intoxicated patrons in Liverpool. Subsequently, the DLEM intervention continues to be a key work stream to prevent alcohol-related harms in the city's nightlife during peak periods (e.g. UEFA European Championship; Student Fresher's week; Halloween). As part of an ongoing monitoring and development process of DLEM, the Public Health Institute (PHI), Liverpool John Moores University was commissioned to implement a research study to monitor progress of key elements of the intervention. Specifically the study aimed to: - Explore bar server awareness of legislation around the sale of alcohol to drunks; perceptions of the intervention; and their propensity to serve alcohol to drunks (i.e. pseudo-intoxicated actors); and, - Assess nightlife user: knowledge of the laws around the sale of alcohol to, and purchasing of alcohol for intoxicated individuals; perceptions and attitudes relating to drunkenness in nightlife; patterns of alcohol consumption and use of the night-time economy; and awareness and perceptions of the intervention. Details: Liverpool: Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Liverpools-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-progress-monitoring-report-FINAL.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Liverpools-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-progress-monitoring-report-FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 147609 Keywords: Alcohol InterventionsAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyNight-Time Economy |
Author: Quigg, Zara Title: Evaluation of the Liverpool Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention Summary: In the UK it is an offence to knowingly sell alcohol to, or purchase alcohol for, a drunk person (Regulated under Section 141 and 142 of the Licensing Act 2003). However, until recent times public awareness, bar server compliance and police enforcement of this legislation has appeared to be low. Critically, UK nightlife environments are often characterised by high levels of intoxication and alcohol-related harms. Excessive alcohol use damages the public's health, while managing nightlife drunkenness and associated problems such as anti-social behaviour and violence places huge demands on police, local authorities and health services. To reduce such harms an extensive range of policies and interventions have been implemented at local and national levels including high profile policing, changes to licensing laws and environmental measures to improve safety. Whilst there is some evidence to indicate that these measures may contain and manage alcohol-related harms, they do little to reduce levels of intoxication or address harmful and pervasive cultures of nightlife drunkenness. A study conducted in Liverpool in 2013 found that 84% of alcohol purchase attempts by pseudo-intoxicated actors in pubs, bars and nightclubs were successful (i.e. alcohol was sold to the actor; Hughes et al., 2014). Studies conducted elsewhere have suggested that reductions in the service of alcohol to drunks, and associated harms, in nightlife settings can be achieved through the implementation of multi-component interventions that incorporate community mobilisation, enforcement of the laws around the service of alcohol to drunks and responsible bar server training. Thus to address the sale of alcohol to drunks in the city's nightlife, local partners developed and implemented the multi-component Say No To Drunks pilot intervention. The intervention aimed to: increase awareness of legislation preventing sales of alcohol to drunks; support bar staff compliance with the law; provide a strong deterrence to selling alcohol to drunks; and promote responsible drinking amongst nightlife users. Following an evaluation of Say No To Drunks, the intervention was further refined, broadened and implemented as a second phase in 2015 - rebranded to Drink Less Enjoy More. To inform the continued development of the intervention, the Centre for Public Health at Liverpool John Moores University was commissioned to evaluate the intervention, comparing the results to previous work. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Liverpool-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-evaluation-report-March-2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Liverpool-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-evaluation-report-March-2016.pdf Shelf Number: 147610 Keywords: Alcohol InterventionsAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder Alcoholism Antisocial BehaviorDrunk and DisorderlyNight-Time Economy |
Author: Quigg, Zara Title: Evaluation of the South Wales Know the Score Intervention Summary: Excessive alcohol consumption, drunkenness and associated harms are a common feature of nightlife settings in the UK (Bellis and Hughes, 2011; Graham et al., 2013). Whilst the sale of alcohol to people who are drunk is illegal under UK law, public awareness of this legislation and bar server compliance with it appears to be low (Hughes and Anderson, 2008; Hughes et al., 2014). While this law is often broken and few convictions for the service of alcohol to drunks are successful (HM Government, 2012), licensed premises have a clear legal and social responsibility to prevent such sales. Previous studies have shown that reductions in the service of alcohol to drunks, and associated harms, can be achieved through the implementation of multi‐agency interventions which promote awareness and increase enforcement of the legislation. Thus, to address the sale of alcohol to drunks, the Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales and South Wales Police developed and implemented the Know the Score #drinklessenjoymore pilot intervention. The intervention aimed to increase bar staff and public awareness of the law and promote responsible drinking behaviours in nightlife environments. It included: a social marketing campaign; radio broadcasts; intervention materials promoting the campaign (e.g. posters, bar server t‐ shirts); enhanced police enforcement; and promotion of the intervention materials by the Welsh Rugby Union and other partner agencies. To inform the development of the pilot intervention and provide a baseline for monitoring progress of future work, an evaluation was undertaken which comprised of pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys with nightlife patrons in Cardiff and Swansea City Centres. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public health, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Know-the-Score-pilot-evaluation-FINAL-REPORT-July-2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Know-the-Score-pilot-evaluation-FINAL-REPORT-July-2015.pdf Shelf Number: 147629 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Alcoholism Drunk and Disorderly Nightime EconomyPublicity Campaigns |
Author: Cockburn, Robyn Title: Respect and Responsibility Review: Full Report Summary: In November 2016 New Zealand Rugby (NZR) committed to an independent Respect and Responsibility Review (RRR) to understand how NZR can lead, develop and support people within the rugby system to be better people and collectively to create better rugby players, teams, volunteers and experiences. Ultimately the goal is to replicate the excellent work NZR does with on field performance, and do this with off field behaviour. The RRR was carried out from November 2016 to August 2017. Six recommendations have been made and the theme of each is focused on: Inclusive Leadership, Better People, Wellbeing, Gender Equality, Engagement and Communications and Accountability and Independence. It was clear to the Panel that collectively NZ rugby is doing a lot of good work in this area, however there is no room for complacency. The recommendations provide all of rugby a pathway to continue to ensure everyone involved in the game has the right information and understanding with regards to respect and responsibility to enable them to make the right decisions. This includes ensuring that our attitudes towards women in rugby, diversity, respect, responsibility and inclusiveness are in keeping with a world leading sports organisation. Undertaking a significant culture change in any organisation is complex and takes time and NZR will be setting a long-term programme for action to affect the RRR recommendations. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Rugby, 2017. 166p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 11, 2017 at: http://files.allblacks.com/NZRU_Media_Releases/2017/NZR_RRR_Final_Review_Report_070917.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand URL: http://files.allblacks.com/NZRU_Media_Releases/2017/NZR_RRR_Final_Review_Report_070917.pdf Shelf Number: 147658 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderSexual Violence Sport Violence Violence Against Women |
Author: Alcohol Concern Title: Alcohol in the System: Report. An examination of alcohol and youth offending in London Summary: Young people have grown up surrounded by a culture of drinking and binge drinking in the UK, however their access to alcohol information and support is patchy. 2 Young people who drink alcohol are especially vulnerable to the effects of alcohol and are more likely to end up in dangerous and confrontational situations. 3 The links between excessive alcohol consumption and violence affecting young people are well established. 4 Up to 41% of young offenders had drunk alcohol at the time of their offence. 5 A high number of young people cited that 'drinking less' would stop them reoffending. 6 Criminal records acquired in childhood can have a long term detrimental impact on the lives of many young people, worsening their prospects and outcomes. 7 Current screening and assessment for alcohol use amongst young people is patchy, opportunities are being missed. 8 Alternative options to the criminal justice system, such as recognising alcohol misuse as a public health issue, are required for young people who carry out criminal acts while under the influence of alcohol. 9 Actively involving young people in the design and delivery of services is an effective way of meeting needs and building their capacity to become active citizens Details: London: Alcohol Concern, 2016. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 5, 2017 at: https://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/aitsappendices Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/aitsappendices Shelf Number: 148703 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholism |
Author: London Assembly. Police and Crime Committee Title: Policing the Night-Time Economy Summary: The Night-Time Economy (NTE) is a crucial part of London's offer to both residents and visitors. Pubs and clubs, cinemas and theatres, and cafes and restaurants operating in the NTE all provide entertainment, jobs, and growth for the capital. In addition it contributes to the creation of new social networks, and plays an important part in city life and the vibrant cultural offer of London. The Mayor is committed to growing the NTE, and recently proposed the creation of a "Night Mayor" for London to ensure that nighttime activity can thrive. 1 The introduction of 24-hour alcohol licensing over a decade ago changed the way the NTE operates. This helped to diversify the NTE and gave individuals more choice. It also began to bring London's NTE into line with its European counterparts. This evolution, coupled with future changes like the introduction of the Night Tube, means London is very nearly a 24-hour city. But as the 24-hour city becomes a reality, what are the consequences for policing? The Night-Time Economy, crime, and alcohol Based on the available data, there does appear to be a correlation between the NTE, crime and alcohol. Alcohol features in a higher proportion of crimes in London that occur at night than during the day. Many of these are concentrated in areas with a strong NTE. There also appears to be a link between alcohol and violent crimes. In 2013- 14 in London, there were significantly more arrests for violence against the person offences that were linked to alcohol, than for other offences. The areas with the most violence with injury (VWI) offences committed at night tend to be those with a strong NTE.2 Assessments of the link between alcohol and crime, however, rely on subjective data. This has led some to criticise the statistics used to determine levels of 'alcohol-related' crime as unreliable and inconsistent. One of the reasons for this reliance on subjective data, and for inconsistency, is because there is no agreed definition of 'alcohol-related' or 'alcohol-fuelled' crime. This may be addressed in the near future, as the Home Office is exploring whether a definition of alcohol-fuelled violence, and a national 'flag' to be used in crime recording, should be introduced. MOPAC should lobby the Home Office for the introduction of a national definition of 'alcohol-related' crime. Details: London: The Assembly, 2015. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2018 at: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/policing_the_night-time_economy.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/policing_the_night-time_economy.pdf Shelf Number: 149015 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsDisorderly ConductLicensed PremisesNight-Time Economy |
Author: Hughes, Karen Title: Taking Measures: A Situational Analysis of Alcohol in the North West Summary: Alcohol has an important place in our society. Millions of people throughout the UK enjoy drinking alcohol to socialise and relax, the alcohol industry creates thousands of jobs, and pubs, clubs and restaurants have helped contribute to the regeneration of many town and city centres. At the same time, however, alcohol is placing a huge burden on health, criminal justice, and social and economic development. The acute effects of risky drinking, including accidents, violence, overdose and risky sexual behaviour, have devastating consequences for individuals and place an increasing strain on public services. At a wider level, alcohol-related diseases, mortality and crime are contributing to inequalities, reducing life expectancy, disrupting local communities and hampering efforts for economic growth. In response to increasing levels of alcohol-related harm, the government published the Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England in March 2004. This provided both local and regional agencies with greater guidance and support in addressing alcohol issues. The key aim of the Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England is to prevent any further increase in alcohol-related harm in England. However, the burden of alcohol-related harm that falls on the North West is disproportionately high. We have among the highest levels of alcohol consumption in the country and, correspondingly, among the highest rates of alcohol-related mortality (Chapter 2). Even within the North West, the distribution of alcohol-related harm varies widely between areas and population groups (Chapter 2, Appendix 2). Therefore, tackling alcohol in the North West requires a regional strategy that aims to reduce alcoholrelated harm as a whole and particularly in areas and amongst population groups that suffer most from the negative effects of alcohol use. Implementing effective interventions where they are needed most requires an understanding of the harms associated with alcohol use, and also identification of communities and geographies most affected and those interventions that are most effective at reducing the negative consequences of alcohol. This report has been prepared to assist regional and local agencies in addressing alcohol issues effectively. It provides local level data on alcohol consumption and related harms, outlines the evidence base for implementing effective alcohol interventions, and identifies how alcohol fits into existing regional and local policy. We hope that with this information, agencies at all levels in the North West are better prepared to develop and implement effective strategies to reduce the negative impacts of alcohol use across the region. Details: Liverpool: Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Health and Applied Social Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, 2004. 159p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 27, 2018 at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228708116_Taking_measures Year: 2004 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228708116_Taking_measures Shelf Number: 149931 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderPublic Health |
Author: Davidson, Neil Title: Space, place and policing in Scotland's night-time economy Summary: There is a growing political discourse in Scotland acknowledging alcohol to be a significant contributor to crime. A significant portion of this is directly related to the evening and night-time drinking based leisure industry i.e. the night-time economy (NTE). The NTE is often characterised by violent and disorderly behaviour concentrated in and around pubs and nightclubs ('hotspots') on weekend nights presenting considerable public health, criminal justice and urban management issues. Recently the political rhetoric has been backed up by new legislation in an attempt to counterbalance what was previously a market-driven economy. There now exists various crime reduction partnerships and situational crime prevention technologies to restrict and control certain behaviours and the presence and movements of persons and groups. This research project has specifically focused on the role of police in this rapidly changing regulatory NTE context. Combining data gathered from participant observation sessions with front-line police and in-depth interviews with multiple NTE stakeholders in a multi-site comparison study across Scotland, this research project provides a robust evidential base from which to analyses and interpret policing of the NTE at the national and local scales using various conceptual frameworks of contemporary policing in western societies. What my findings have shown is that front-line officers have adapted their police work in order to suit the specific context within which they are operating. I have termed this specific variation on traditional understandings of 'cop culture' as being the 'street craft of policing the NTE'. Furthermore, while this street craft was evident across all three case study areas, the extremely tangled and convoluted nature of local security provision at the local scale necessitates that front-line officers adapt this street craft to meet the local specificities of their respective NTEs. Details: Dundee, UK: University of Dundee, 2011. 338p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/space-place-and-policing-in-scotlands-night-time-economy Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/space-place-and-policing-in-scotlands-night-time-economy Shelf Number: 150344 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderCrime and PlaceCrime HotspotsDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyNight-time Economy |
Author: Knight, Victoria Title: Engaging with the Night Time Economy Community: Finding Ways to Enhance Violence Reduction Across Leicester City Summary: This report documents the outcome of a series of consultations with the night time economy community in Leicester city. Its focus was to explore the ways in which this community and its stakeholders views and responds to the incidence of violent crime. The report describes the rationale and approach to understanding violent crime in the night time economy in the context of Leicester city. A number of key messages and themes have been identified as a result of this consultation. These messages have helped to secure a number of priorities to assist with violence reduction in the night time economy and more broadly enhance harm reduction associated with alcohol consumption. The report captures what Leicester city is doing well and highlights additional areas to enhance good practice for all stakeholders. A consolidated and joint approach is imperative to securing good working relationships across the night time community in order for it succeed. This executive summary highlights the key points of the full report. Rationale and Approach to the Consultation Violent crime reduction has been identified as a priority for the Safer Leicestershire Partnership. Common assault was identified as an area which required attention in Leicester's city centre and the West of the City. It was also observed that common assault and other violent crime was occurring more frequently during the night time periods, especially those where individuals visit these areas to consume alcohol. An audit of the night time economy in 2011 highlighted a number of complex issues associated with violence and the night time economy. In addition Leicestershire police conducted a review of violent crime data in the night time economy in 2011. Although useful, it was recognised that a much deeper understanding of the practices of key stakeholders was necessary in order to develop strategies to bring about harm minimization and a safer night time experience for all stakeholders. A series of consultations occurred in 2012 which was led by an independent researcher from De Montfort University. Key stakeholders who included licensees, door supervisors, police, clinical staff, volunteers and key strategic and operational staff took part in a series of group discussions to describe their practice and their views on violence reduction. What Research says about Violence in the Night Time Economy The causes and impact of violence in the night time economy have been closely associated with the consumption of alcohol. Using geographical techniques research has identified that violence increases during 'hot times' and in 'hot spots'. Extended opportunities to consume more alcohol as a result of relaxed licensing hours have also been attributed to an increase in violent crime. Injury is an outcome for some of the violence that occurs during these times and more recently clinical data has been used to understand the scale of violent crime. It is widely acknowledged that the extent of violence is not fully understood, with a large proportion going unreported. Significant contributors to violent crime in the night time economy include; drunkennessexacerbated by long drinking periods extended by 'pre-' and 'back-' loading and the availability of cheap alcohol, previous involvement in violence, drinking in single sex groups, young and male. Violence is also increased in spaces where crowds can gather, where loud music is played and in standing-only venues. Police typically employ two generic models of policing for the night time economy; community/preventative policing and reactive/fast response. Together these use intelligence and knowledge of the community to deliver their services. Clinical provision typically provides static care within A&E departments. More recently mobile and specialist units have been deployed at night time periods to slow down entrants to A&E. Research indicates that the night time periods have demanded an increase in staffing to manage an increase in alcohol related injury. Some departments now provide alcohol specialist nurses, alcohol screening tool, and joint working with police officers to promote harm minimization. Door supervisors contribute significantly to the regulation of the night time economy. Volunteers like Street Pastors provide additional pastoral care for vulnerable night time users. A range of prevention and intervention strategies have been trialed and implemented to assist with violence reduction in night time economy contexts. These include practices and techniques adopted by licensees and door supervisors such training for dealing with drunkenness, drinks or entry refusal and ID checking. The adoption of banning patrons, using plastic glasses instead of glass and pub/club watch initiatives. Policing has also used high visibility techniques to increase police presence, test purchasing, targeting hot spots and vulnerable venues, the use of dispersal orders and training the drinks industry. Local government initiatives include coordinated transport arrangements, multi-agency working, temporary road closures and replacing conventional street lighting with 'white lighting'. Public health interventions include harm minimization awareness campaigns and alcohol screening tools. Key Findings Maintaining standards across the night time economy is achieved through compliance with regulations and good practice. Balancing safety and working within resources and creating a healthy economy can be a challenge. There is a strong desire to maintain and extend standards. Barriers to this included lack of understanding about other services, working relationships, ability to invest in better practice and access to support. Good practice includes: coordinated forum through Citywatch to access support, advice and their radio service, licensee practices within venues to maintain compliance with Licensing Act, the city's shared agreement not to sell alcohol cheaply, designing in environmental features to keep night time visitors calm in venues, use of experienced and legitimate door supervisors, regulation of the security industry, joint local partnership between licensing and specialist licensing officers, focused policing- licensing officers and dedicated night time economy responsive teams, high visibility policing in hot spots, joint police and paramedic mobile unit- POLAMB, availability of voluntary services. Access and availability of training is limited across the city for all stakeholders. Despite training being available, this is uncoordinated and lacks consolidation. There is a desire for more frequent and diverse training to enhance knowledge and practice. The supply of alcohol across the city that exacerbates drunkenness and disorder has brought about a stigmatization of the industry and for licensees and door supervisors this has meant they are unable to promote their professionalism more extensively. There is evidence to support that licensees and door supervisors do accept a duty of care for their customers but it was felt this was not widespread or acknowledged by other stakeholders. Dealing with difficult situations as a result of drunkenness is a pressure point for all stakeholders. Stakeholders are routinely subjected to abuse (verbal and physical) from night time visitors. Stakeholders who used the Citywatch radio felt that this facility should be used more to help tackle these issues and help other services and visitors to keep safe There is some frustration about the ways in which offenders of crime and anti-social behaviour are dealt with. Confidence in the Section 27 disposal (dispersal order) is limited. All stakeholders expressed some misunderstandings about what other services can do. As a result disproportionate expectations of services have emerged. Achieving trust and sound working relationships between services is limited by lack of understanding, negative experiences of services, stigma and ability to forge relationships based on time and resources. The night time economy in Leicester is diverse in terms of places (including types of venues), people and behaviour. Open and transparent communication and targeting the right resources to the right places at the right time can enhance this. Problems arise when crowds are able to gather, transport remains limited, extended availability of alcohol (including off-licenses), litter is allowed to gather, response times are delayed by accessibility issues and the availability of food is limited. Competing agendas between stakeholders is a barrier to enhancing working relationships and subsequent partnerships. Limited resources were identified as a significant barrier. Details: Leicester, UK: Leicester City Council, 2012. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/9336/Engaging%20with%20the%20Night%20Time%20Economy%20Community%20Full%20Report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/9336/Engaging%20with%20the%20Night%20Time%20Economy%20Community%20Full%20Report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Shelf Number: 150347 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social DisorderNight-Time EconomyViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: London Assembly. Economy Committee Title: Rewrite the night: the future of London's night-time economy Summary: London's night-time economy (NTE) is evolving. Bars, clubs and pubs have long been at the centre of night-time activity. But over the past decade, the capital's NTE has developed. The sheer volume and variety of entertainment and activities are a strong draw for residents, workers and over 31 million visitors to the capital each year. The launch of Night Tube services in summer 2016, followed by a night service on the London Overground network last December, has made it easier for people to travel around the capital at night. This, plus the introduction of 24-hour alcohol licensing, has earned London the right to be considered a 24-hour city, and brought the NTE in line with its European counterparts. However, the NTE could be further developed in terms of job creation, the range of cultural activity and the numbers and diversity of people enjoying nights out in the capital. London's NTE extends far beyond entertainment and leisure activities, and includes the many everyday jobs undertaken by cleaners, drivers, security and health personnel, for example, which are vital to its continued success. Developing the NTE will require a longer-term strategic outlook shaped by the Mayor, working with many partners. People who work in the NTE, use it, live around it, run the businesses operating during the night, and are involved in planning future development and managing the impacts, must be listened to. Looking after the welfare of night-time workers will be paramount. Their employment rights and workplace benefits will need to match those of workers in the day-time economy. At the very least they deserve the right to fair pay, a safe working environment, and access to safe transport options to and from work. The wellbeing of individuals on a night out should also be prioritised, driven by a broader national campaign to inspire more responsible alcohol consumption and to provide the support both they and pub and bar workers need. Residents should be properly included in discussions, locally and at a panLondon level, about planning the NTE as it develops, and how best to manage and respond to any impacts before they become problems. At times, these discussions will need to happen across borough boundaries and through well-established networks where the views of businesses, grassroots music venues, arts practitioners, residents, the police and local authority officers can be heard. These networks will help facilitate the more coordinated approach to regulating, licensing and public safety needed in the NTE across London. London's NTE must continue to diversify as it develops. It will mean being creative about content, welcoming of different genres of music, and appealing to more Londoners. Many varied and innovative things are happening in outer London boroughs. They too will need to be central to the Mayor's vision for the NTE. This will require an inclusive approach to marketing and promotion along with improvements to transport links in outer London boroughs at night. One simple measure would be to ensure that outer London events are featured and promoted in major listing publications across the capital, by London and Partners and on social media. The Mayor is rightly committed to turning London into a 24-hour city and this will need to be overseen at a London-wide level. This could usefully be delivered by permanently establishing roles for an individual, such as the Night Czar to promote and champion the NTE, and a policy-focused body, such as the Night Time Commission. The Mayor must build on his night vision document published in July 2017, and clarify how his plans for a more diverse NTE will be implemented, what the key milestones will be, and how he intends to measure the impact and progress of his work. A more diverse London NTE is to be welcomed, but it must be open to all Londoners - affordable, accessible, inclusive - and be a safe environment to enjoy a night out, and work in. Details: London: The Assembly, 2018. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 24, 2018 at: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/rewrite_the_night_final.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/rewrite_the_night_final.pdf Shelf Number: 150352 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Assaults Disorderly Conduct Licensed PremisesNight-Time EconomyPublic Safety |
Author: Rogan, Adam Title: Risky masculinities: young men, risky drinking, public violence, and hegemonic masculinity Summary: Young men's engagement in risky drinking and public violence is now recognised as a significant public health issue for communities and societies throughout the world. These two practices often lead to a range of serious negative outcomes not only for the participants themselves, but also other individuals and wider society. Drawing on a series of focus groups and in-depth interviews conducted with young Australian men, this research examines the ways in which young men's engagement in risky drinking and public violence can be understood as a display of hegemonic masculinity. The concept of hegemonic masculinity suggests that there exists a legitimate form of masculinity within a given social and historical context that is positioned as dominant over all women, and all other forms of lesser masculinity. The aim of this research is to explore young men's understandings of risky drinking and public violence and how these practices may be drawn on to construct and perform legitimate and empowered masculine identities. Through their engagement in risky drinking and public violence, young men are able to enact culturally legitimate masculinities and distance themselves from subordinate and marginalised masculinities. The engagement of young men in these practices also sustains and reproduces gendered power inequalities that see men positioned as dominant over women, and some men positioned as dominant over others. This critical examination of the relationship between risky drinking, public violence, and hegemonic masculinity illuminates the importance of acknowledging the gendered nature of risk and risky practice, and the ways in which young men's engagement in risky practice is informed by dominant ideologies of masculinity. Details: Wollongong: University of Wollongong, 2015. 346p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed June 1, 2018 at: http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5694&context=theses Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5694&context=theses Shelf Number: 150429 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductMasculinityPublic Disorder |